Catcher in the Rye

In J. D. Salinger’s tale The Catcher in the Rye, the fundamental character, Holden Caulfield’s clear frenzy and unreasonable conduct assumes a significant job. The choices that Holden makes at the time appear un-typical and unreasonable to characters in the novel, however to the peruser they appear to be astute and sensible. One case of this conduct is the way Holden treats ladies. All through the novel he has the impulse to be with ladies, yet he can oppose his desires. He doesn’t need to be with a young lady, just to be with a young lady, Caulfield really needs it to mean something.At the time individuals would have thought Holden was distraught for leaving behind a portion of his chances with ladies, yet when a peruser finds out about it, they feel like Holden is settling on the correct choice. This causes the peruser to accept that Holden is full grown. When Holden gives the ten dollars he has to the nuns, a few people may imagine that that was a lot of cash to spend on something, in which you get no blessing out of. Despite the fact that Holden didn’t get something truly back, he received something back mentally.Since he had felt regretful for the night prior, he needed to take care of his blame. To certain individuals it might appear â€Å"mad† to take care of your blame, however to Holden it was what he expected to do. Frenzy can be resolved diversely through different people groups eyes, what one individual may believe is what is considered â€Å"mad†, another may discover totally typical. The distinction and the centrality of the â€Å"madness† in the novel work in general since it shows how not thinking like every other person isn’t an awful thing.Holden has his very own psyche, and he utilizes it for his potential benefit, making him a more grounded and progressively autonomous person. Holden conducts himself in an exceptionally special manner, a few people may think his choice are nonsensical, and some may think they are totally intelligent. Dissecting how â€Å"madness† functions, and how â€Å"madness† is seen through various people groups eyes is troublesome, however all things considered, it is continually going to be seen in an unexpected way. Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is written in an abstract style from the perspective of its hero, Holden Caulfield, following his accurate manner of thinking (a composing style known as continuous flow). There is stream in the apparently disconnected thoughts and scenes; for instance, as Holden sits in a seat in his residence, minor occasions, for example, getting a book or taking a gander at a table, unfurl into conversations about encounters. Basic surveys concur that the novel precisely mirrored the adolescent informal discourse of the time. Holden is six feet two and has grown six and a half crawls in the last year.He's a substantial smoker and wears his hair in a team trim. Individuals botch him for being 13 despite the fact that he's 16 and has a headful of silver hair. Holden's appearance is that of a youthful who's not simply excessively youthful or unreasonably old for his age, yet some way or another both on the double. Holden has recently flopped out of Pencey Prep. The main subjec t he passed was English, as he peruses a ton all alone. The tale follows Holden's most recent couple of days at Pencey and the occasions that happen a short time later, which lead to his hospitalization and therapy. The Catcher in the Rye is the narrative of Holden Caulfield during these urgent days, as told by Holden.Holden is distanced from society. He feels that nobody gets him and that everybody is a â€Å"phony†. He believes that nobody is straightforward, and everyone needs to be something different. He feels that the main individual who comprehends him is Phoebe. He doesn't have associations with young ladies, or anybody since he feels that he is the main certified individual on the planet.. Holden needs to manage misfortune. He loses his sibling, Allie, to leukemia, and feels an enormous misfortune. Allie composed sonnets on an old mitt, and Holden loves this, and talks about it in incredible detail.His sibling D. B. lives in Hollywood, and is a screenwriter. Holden s ees him as a â€Å"phony† and has little contact with him. He respects D. B. as an allegorical whore, who composes just to bring in cash, and not for scholarly recovery. Another issue in Catcher is double-crossing. Holden continually feels sold out, and that is a potential reason for his issues. From the get-go in the novel, Mr. Spencer double-crosses him. He was one of only a handful barely any instructors at Pency that Holden enjoyed. Spencer broke the updates on Holden's removal, and Holden felt betrayed.Stradlater sells out Holden by dating his closest companion, Jane, whom Holden likewise really liked. When Holden gets back to see Phoebe, she is baffled in him that he bombed out of Pency. He believes that she ought to acknowledge him unequivocally, so he feels deceived. Essayist Bruce Brooks held that Holden's demeanor stays unaltered at story's end, suggesting no development, consequently separating the novel from youthful grown-up fiction. Interestingly, author and sch olastic Louis Menand believed that educators allot the novel due to the hopeful closure, to show immature perusers that â€Å"alienation is only a stage. While Brooks kept up that Holden behaves, Menand guaranteed that Holden thinks as a grown-up, given his capacity to precisely see individuals and their thought processes, for example, when Phoebe expresses that she will go out west with Holden, and he quickly dismisses this thought as silly, causing Phoebe a deep sense of frustration. Others feature the quandary of Holden's state, in the middle of pre-adulthood and adulthood. While Holden sees himself to be more brilliant than and as develop as grown-ups, he rushes to get passionate. â€Å"I felt sorry as hellfire for†¦ † is an expression he frequently employments. Dwindle Beidler, in his A Reader's Companion to J.D. Salinger's â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, recognizes the film that the whore Sunny alludes to in part 13 of The Catcher in the Rye. She says that i n the film a kid tumbles off a vessel. The film is Captains Courageous, featuring Spencer Tracy. Radiant says that Holden resembles the kid who tumbled off the pontoon. Beidler appears (see p. 28) a still of the kid, played by youngster entertainer Freddie Bartholomew. The tale's way of thinking has been adversely contrasted and that of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Each Caulfield youngster has scholarly ability: D. B. composes screenplays in Hollywood; Holden likewise venerates D.B. for his composing expertise (Holden's own best subject), yet he likewise scorns motion pictures, thinking of them as a definitive in â€Å"phony†, and portrays D. B. ‘s move to Hollywood to compose for films as â€Å"prostituting himself†; Allie composed verse on his mitt; and Phoebe is a diarist. This â€Å"catcher in the rye† is a relationship for Holden, who appreciates in kids ascribes he battles to discover in grown-ups, similar to blamelessness, graciousness, immediacy, and lib erality. Tumbling off the precipice could be a movement into the grown-up world that encompasses him and that he unequivocally criticizes.Later, Phoebe and Holden trade jobs as the â€Å"catcher† and the â€Å"fallen†; he gives her his chasing cap, the catcher's image, and turns into the fallen as Phoebe turns into the catcher. Holden is an atypical youngster. He is estranged more than most young people. He likewise is amidst a character emergency. All young people experience these stages, so everybody can identify with Holden somewhat. Holden is socially incompetent. In spite of the fact that he has numerous companions and associates, he can not frame enduring, important fellowships. Most young people, despite the fact that they do have frailties, can work seeing someone. Holden doesn't develop through the novel.He really relapses back to a youngster like perspective. He is continually harping on the demise of his more youthful sibling, and maintains a strategic dista nce from his folks, and feels like the main individual he can converse with is his multi year old sister. Holden holds Allie and Phoebe in such high regard since they are blameless. Holden will likely secure blamelessness on the planet. At the point when he hears the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† melody being sung by a young man, he concludes that he needs to be the individual that shields kids from tumbling off a bluff. That bluff represents the change from adolescence to adulthood, and he needs to keep them as honest youngsters, not fake grown-ups. Catcher in the Rye The Theme of Phoniness in Catcher in the Rye Phoniness is a reoccurring topic utilized in J. D. Salinger’s ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ by the primary character Holden Caufield. All through the whole novel, the word â€Å"phony† is utilized ordinarily by Holden, making phoniness give off an impression of being one of the most predominant reoccurring subjects. He portrays various characters’ â€Å"fake† mentalities as fake. It is by all accounts the way Holden excuses that the world is a terrible spot and accordingly making him need to shield youthfulness and shield them from being presented to grown-ups and this phoniness.But Holden really seems, by all accounts, to be a wolf in sheep's clothing. Holden Caufield accepts all grown-ups are fake, however as the novel shows, Holden isn't insusceptible from phoniness himself. Holden is continually alluding to individuals and circumstances as fake. One being shallow, counterfeit, or shallow qualifies th em as a fake as indicated by Holden. Holden sees this â€Å"phoniness† wherever in the grown-up world. A considerable lot of the characters in the novel are for sure regularly fake to keep up their appearance, so truly, individuals are fake and Holden is correct, however he himself is liable of the equivalent things.The first time Holden makes reference to the fakes he raises Mr. Spencer. He had couldn't help contradicting Mr. Spencer when he had educated him concerning â€Å"life being a game†, and essentially reacted by saying, â€Å"If you jump as an afterthought where all the superstars are, at that point it’s a game, all rightâ€I’ll concede that. Be that as it may, in the event that you jump on the opposite side, where there aren’t any superstars, at that point what’s the game about? Nothing. No Game† (Salinger 8). Fakes, similar to his kindred understudies, are more keen on looking great than really doing any

Innovations In English Language Teaching Essay

Inside the between related fields of phonetics, brain science and explicitly language learning it has been perceived that language securing relies upon a few subjective and natural angles. When giving guidance in an unknown dialect, it is likewise important to consider the language of inception previously aced by the student, just as the idiosyncrasies of culture that may meddle with or in any case affect the way where a given language is found out (Collier, 1995). In Singapore, advancements in language learning dependent on these standards have just been made, yet execution has represented a test (Tucker and Corson, 1997). The genuine language master has a profound understanding these obstructions and must be set up to concoct thoughts that encourage the change that drives the real usage of these creative procedures (Reza-Hernandez and Clifford, 2003; Garcia, 1994). In Singapore, English has been recognized as the language of business and trade, and accordingly it has gotten critical for more noteworthy steps to be made in giving its information to the residents (Tucker and Corson, 1997). Singapore’s national college has founded such advancements as the formation of modernized databases that hold â€Å"profiles of Singapore-based English† as a technique improving the innovative work in the region of English language instructing in the nation (1997, p. 227). This sort of research seems to empower language teachers to comprehend the general zones of English that need more or better guidance. Different developments legitimately influencing Singapore incorporate the new word reference of Southeast Asian English just as various meetings that advance the improvement of the language. This exploration wants to include further advancements, remembering for the zone of innovation, that would expand on the tasks previously started and further upgrade the learning of the language in the nation (Chapelle, 2003; Parker, 2007; Reza-Hernandez and Clifford, 2003; Klein et al. 2006). Research Objectives The point of this examination is to discover new ways to deal with instructing English that can be effectively actualized in the Singaporean setting. These will incorporate new instructional strategies, showing helps, and the utilization of advances as an essential part of bestowing the language experience to the individuals who learn. Research Question: How does collective getting the hang of, utilizing the essential students as middle people of the language, influence English language guidance in Singapore? Strategies The significant topic of the execution systems will be the foundation of a network of English language students utilizing a center gathering of English language organization understudies as middle people of the language. The utilization of innovation will improve the undertaking yet not be the fundamental core interest. In people group building, accentuation will be put on building spans between and among understudies of language-learning establishment and different schools or gatherings inside the network (Hones, 2000; Parker, 2007; Klein, et al. , 2006). Innovation will become an integral factor as PCs and the web will give the methods for joining people isolated by separation. It will likewise be utilized to draw in the support of local speakers of English from the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and other English talking nations of the world. Innovation will likewise be utilized as an enhancement to the exercises acted in the language-getting the hang of setting (Kamhi-Stein, 2000). The investigation will in this way appear as an activity examine in which the utilization of existing instructive programming, games, and exercises in English are utilized inside an integrative setting. This integrative setting will include the introduction of the language-learning foundation understudies to exercises with local speakers, which they will thusly give to a gathering of Singaporeans inside a given communityâ€perhaps youngsters or youth gathering. The kinds of exercises utilized will incorporate the accompanying †¢ web word-searches and studies †¢ webquests (Teclahaimanot and Lamb, 2004) †¢ on-and disconnected word-game applications, for example, Scrabble †¢ watching and talking about motion pictures in English †¢ perusing and examining books in English These will be done along with volunteers from English talking nations who will be told to keep up consistent exchange with the foundation understudy about the exercises for the length of the meeting. Gathering visits just as one-on-one discussions will be utilized. Later the understudy will be relied upon to confer the information picked up from the meeting to individuals from the network. Exercises will be checked by means of reports and perception so as to give the information to the exploration.

The Grandmother

An author's life can be portrayed by risk and fervor. The individuals who seek after their livelihood with enthusiasm and commitment can't in any way, shape or form carry on with a dull life.  A writer’s life is brimming with risk since the individual in question should go the unusual course so as to succeed. It is additionally an existence of energy on the grounds that the flighty impacts of the composed word can either put an individual on the map, rich, or dead relying upon the substance and spot where the piece was written.Bozena Mencova is the principal significant female author at any point created by present day Czechoslovakia †in the past known as Czech Republic †in the nineteenth century. What's more, this author typifies the twin characteristic of risk and energy. Her life was loaded with dangers since she had the hardship to be conceived in a land torn by governmental issues, belief system, and race. Moreover, she lived in when ladies are viewed as a far off second to their male counterparts.Yet, her life was additionally brimming with energy. She had the option to show that ability ascends to the top irregardless of sexual orientation and monetary status. One of her praised works is the account of a grandma (Babieka) who was conflicted between affection and obligation, in which the essayist has interlaced her perspectives on social, political, and even strict powers that are forming her country.BackgroundThe fascinating existence of Bozena Nemcova didn't start and end in her being a fiction author. Truth be told, Nemcova is likewise a â€Å"†¦poet, columnist, authority and supervisor of society stories; key figure of the Czech National Revival and delegate of the national scholarly standard. Also, if this was insufficient she was one of the first to openly address the subject of ladies' personality andâ their situation in society† (Haan, Daskalova, and Loufti, 2006).Bozena Nemcova was conceived in 1820, very nearly 2 00 years after the Germans crushed the armed forces of the Czech Republic. The serious â€Å"Germanization† of the people brought about the crumbling of Czech writing and culture. The National Revival that happened in the nineteenth century where Nemcova had a significant impact was in light of the decrease and The Grandmother is one of the major abstract works that serves to stir nationalistic intensity (Iggers, 1995, p. 49).The GrannyThe story of â€Å"The Grandmother† is an elegantly composed piece. It is agreeable to peruse on the grounds that it originated from some other time and spot, with the special reward that it originated from another dialect. It is in every case great to peruse interpreted works since it gives the peruser a window to another culture. By and large the investigation of these sorts of writing brings about the acknowledgment that there is much in like manner even between two unique social orders, race, culture, and nationalities.This is partic ularly obvious when perusing the starting piece of the story. Grandmas in numerous pieces of the world can identify with â€Å"Granny† †of developing old and living alone, their kids far away having their own families. The predicament, on whether to live freely or move in with one of the youngsters is additionally regular issue around the globe.The pattern proceeds with when Granny started the excursion from her tribal old neighborhood to a â€Å"foreign† land where her little girl currently lives with her significant other and kids. The all inclusiveness of the story endured in the yearning of the grandkids to know their grandma and the equivalent compelling feelings were responded by the grandma.Then the story starts to show its special flavor when Granny started to settle in. Sooner or later, Granny started to see the distinction in language, culture, and habits being exhibited in the family unit of Mr. Prosek. It was a conflict between the new and the old, bet ween the conventions of the open country and new guidelines of present day living. In the story Granny commented to herself that she barely perceived her little girl since her concept of her is that of a happy nation young lady and here she is currently, ready, rich but there is something that is missing.This pestering inclination is emblematic of what is happening in the hearts and psyches of Czech educated people around then. They were conflicted between the recognized advantages of the social and innovative trade with the Germans and simultaneously awkward on the grounds that where it counts the genuine self is stifled incapable to break free in melody and merriment.Religion has consistently been an erosion point and for this situation, Nemcova might want the peruser to know the inward battle of the local Czechs with regards to an apparently random perspective on God by their new rulers. In the story Granny consistently â€Å"cross† herself and needed her feelings to come off on the kids and the entire family.In the last piece of the story one gets a gigantic portion of these sorts of examinations. Mencova had the option to differentiate the distinctions in culture when he expounded on the journey to a congregation in Svatonovice. In transit the youngsters saw what they were denied of; it is the delight and otherworldly gift that can be found in returning to their underlying foundations which is the perplexing conventions of the Holy Roman Catholic Church and the magnificence of the wide open with its own remarkable astuteness and charms.The story of The Grandmother isn't just about imageries highlighting National Revival of old Czech culture, religion and its customs. It is significantly more than that. It is additionally a piece where Nemcova had the option to spill his guts to communicate thoughts and inquiries not adequate in the public arena. In one segment of the story, Nemcova acquainted Victorka with balance it with the character of the grand ma. Victorka was incautious and expresses her real thoughts. By doing so she had the option to impart what may have been experiencing her psyche and heart. This is on the grounds that Nemcova had a miserable union with a man 15 years her senior (Iggers, 1995).ConclusionIn 1620 the Czech armed force was crushed by the Hapsburg armed force. This period started the decay of Czech culture and writing. Exceptional â€Å"Germanization† happened, the normal outcome after victors would typically demand that their way of life and language is far better than the vanquished enemy. Furthermore, much of the time, the debilitated soul of the vanquished individuals eagerly oblige to the social tormenting. On account of the Czech Republic, Craig Craven commented, â€Å"The Czech language had not ceased to exist, yet it had withdrawn to the open country and the kitchen to turn into the patois †slang or nonstandard language †of workers, cooks, and servants† (2006, p. 88).The p reviously mentioned conversation fills in as the background of The Grandmother composed as a reaction to theâ Revival; Czech educated people doing proactive strides to recapture lost ground as far as culture, writing, and national character. In these enthusiastic occasions Mencova was moving from town to town with his loyalist spouse and in the process was presented to the legislative issues and belief systems of the day. Along these lines, she started to be impacted by another type of Czech locals longing for old fashioned days.This any expectation of another and better Czech Republic dependent on since quite a while ago overlooked standards is a lot of clear in the story. As one would review Granny responded to the way that her child in-law didn't communicate in Czech, just German while her youngsters and grandkids then again †remembering the workers for the family unit †can without much of a stretch communicate in her local language. This made Granny awkward and made her to consider returning to her curious little village.She was convinced to remain and to keep her psyche off the things that pestered her, she started to plunge herself to fill in as an a supervisor to the family unit hirelings. At that point she started seeing different things like the advanced innovation that made her progressively awkward. This is additionally an image of the situation with respect to tolerating the undeniable advantages of German impact †particularly in innovation †while then again dismissing the negative effects, for example, the loss of devotion particularly with regards to the customary church.Aside from the nationalistic hints of the â€Å"Granny† what draws in the peruser to an inside and out investigation of this bit of writing originates from the acknowledgment this is a nineteenth century work of fiction, composed by a lady in a period and spot where huge situation is anything but favorable for her. But then she won and demonstrated he r comrades and the entire world that ability and a consuming enthusiasm for truth is sufficient to conquer all obstacles.Lacking in formal preparing and instruction required for a genuine author, Nemcova had the option to repay with her colossal ability. It is astonishing to peruse a fine work, with such a clear portrayal of Czech rustic way of life and the intensity of her writing to make the characters wake up. It is hard to experience the story without consenting to her bits of knowledge or without thinking about whether Nemcova was truly composing fiction in light of the fact that the exchange could have effectively have been recorded from genuine conversations.In this respect Nemcova ought not exclusively be imitated and celebrated as an author yet in addition as a courageous woman. She is a brilliant illustration for a nation that has seen better occasions. She is additionally a decent good example for all ladies who battled to discover their place in a male-ruled society. How ever, her story ought to be retold in places where ladies are treated as articles and not as individuals. Her life will most likely persuade them that they can transcend everything if no one but they can concentrate on some different option from themselves.Works CitedCravens, Craig. Culture and Customs of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Westport, CT:Greenwood Press, 2006.Haan, F., K. Daskalova, and A. Loutfi. A Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements andFeminism. New York: CEU Press, 2006.Wilson, Neil. Prague. CA: Lonely Planet, 2007.Iggers, Wilma. Ladies of Prague. Fortune, RI: Berghahn Books, 1995.

Change of the lady free essay sample

?Change of the woman. (Portray the procedure of change that the American spouse encounters from the situation of non-character to the situation of personality in the story ‘Cat in the Rain) Answer: Hemingways title to his story, Cat in the Rain conveys more significance than the exacting feline in the downpour. To be sure, the story discusses a feline stuck in the downpour; in any case, this isn't what Hemingway implied when he composed the story. His character, the American Wife, insinuates the title of the story by introducing components of repression like that of the feline. In this story there is a procedure of change which is experienced by the American Wife. We notice that from different changes in her mentality. The story presents the American couple as sincerely infertile, separated by their own self-retention. The spouse is uninterested with his wifes discomfort, never ascending from his prostrate situation on the bed, and in any event, developing irate when she endeavors to communicate her wants. We will compose a custom exposition test on Change of the woman or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The spouse is anonymous; disregarded by her significant other and coming up short on a feeling of self-hood, she resembles the poor kitty out in the downpour. Inconsiderateness of the spouse: We are first acquainted with George and his better half, the last is alluded by as the American Wife in the main sentence of the story. This title needs independence and has no exceptional importance, meaning that she is only an insignificant American Woman and that's it. This as of now limits the character in a little pen, since it infers that she will never get herself out of the opening where society has put her. George doesn't support a lot, seldom focusing on her at whatever point she requests his consideration. This is apparent when she sees a feline hunkered under one of the dribbling green tables†, and calls attention to it to her better half, who offers to help from his bed. The spouse never stands in opposition to the restriction George puts on her, yet rather feels it. The principle purpose for this is her change from being the American Wife to the American Girl†. To the overall population, a young lady appears to have less limitations because of her childhood and guiltlessness, while a spouse has her (and her husbands) picture to secure. Hemingways selection of words suggests that she feels the restrictions being lifted once she left her lodging, deserting her better half. Hemingway gives other proof to Georges restrictions by introducing the inn guardian, whom the spouse has a preference for. Portrayed as an elderly person and tall, the spouse has a preference for him, particularly his numerous characteristics, for example, the dangerous genuine way he got any objections his respect how he would have preferred to serve her. Hemingway says nothing regarding the spouse cherishing or enjoying George, further supporting the possibility of him putting a type of limitation on her. Absence of opportunity: During the last piece of the story, Hemingway presents the absence of opportunity that the spouse has. She inquires as to whether it would be a smart thought if [she] lets [her] hair develop out? George just reacts by saying you look pretty darn decent. She doesn't attempt to contend about it, further suggesting that she feels sub-par, and George has command over her. While she doesn't unequivocally state it, she feels that her absence of opportunity is shielding her from being cheerful. She continues to go on a little tirade about how she needs to have her own things, I need to pull my hair back close and smooth and cause a major know at the back I to can feel I need to have a kitty I need to eat at a table with my own silver and I need candles. Maybe George wouldn't like to give her that opportunity since he needs to apply his job as the leader of the house. Remember that this story was written in a period where ladies were viewed as nothing on the off chance that they were not hitched. Furthermore, even in their marriage, numerous ladies were not actually considered piece of society just on the grounds that they are ladies. This change is the just one explanation for his change from the situation of non-character to the position personality. Care of hotelkeeper: The spouse adventures outside yet is halted by the downpour. A servant, sent by the hotelkeeper, holds an umbrella for her. The feline is gone, and the spouse shouts that she needed a feline so much, uncovering that her anxiety is more for herself than the feline. She comes back to their room and whines to George the amount she needed the feline, and says, It isnt any enjoyable to be a poor kitty out in the downpour. Her significant other overlooks her, and the lady, glancing in the mirror, inquires as to whether she ought to develop her hair out. He reveals to her he enjoys it for what it's worth, short like a young men, demonstrating the absence of enthusiasm in their association. The spouse at that point starts to mourn her numerous needs and needs, however her better half icily advises her to quiet down. There is a thump on the entryway; it is the house keeper, again sent by the hotelkeeper. She has brought a major feline for the Signora. †. It is critical that the hotelkeeper is more sensitive to the American wifes wants and all the more ready to take the necessary steps to satisfy them than either the lady herself or her significant other. Neither of them is willingâ€physically or symbolicallyâ€to go out into the downpour. Likenesses between George (the spouse) and the downpour: It appears that Hemingways primary differentiation in clarifying his point is by contrasting the spouse and the feline. Both are in comparative circumstances where they are shielded from being free. One is limited by the downpour while the other one is being controlled by her better half long to break out of those confines that shield them from getting a charge out of life. Maybe she saw herself in the feline who was attempting to hold dry under the table. By experiencing such climate to safeguard the kitty, she doesnt show assurance, yet rather a feeling of expectation that she herself might be saved from her own enclosure. Lamentably for her, the feline was no more. This unforeseen development broke her expectation, causing her to feel little and tight inside†. Surely, she despite everything feels kept to the pen George set her in, and doesn't see an exit from there. Hemingway presents us with more proof that it is George that spots such cutoff points on her. At the point when she strolls by the pardoner, he caused her to feel extremely little and simultaneously extremely significant. She had a passing sentiment of being of incomparable significance. It is essential to observe this, since it is the main time in the story where she has any sentiment of predominance. She has a feeling of certainty that is missing at whatever point George is available. Diagram: We know, the story â€Å"Cat in the Rain† discusses a feline stuck outside in the downpour, yet I don’t believe this is the thing that Hemingway implied when he composed this story. I like how Hemingway began the story off with depicting the setting, where the two Americans were and how they were the main ones halting in to this specific inn. It gives the peruser something to picture directly off the bat. I imagine that Hemingway could have depicted the characters in more detail to show signs of improvement comprehension of them. Likewise I think the top to bottom portrayal of the inn wasn’t essential I would of got a kick out of the chance to see the depiction put in to the characters more. I truly enjoyed the way Hemingway’s character the American Woman acted in light of the fact that it felt genuine to something, all things considered. The manner in which Hemingway depicted the lady from the outset was more along the lines of a bothering spouse, yet when she goes to the window to see the feline her persona transforms, I preferred this since it caused me to get into her head and perceive how she was feeling Hemingway began in an exceptional manner since I once in a while observe a story start this way, and he pulled it off quite well. The depiction of the area and setting pulled me directly into the story; I loved this since it kept me intrigued and needing to continue perusing. I think the title that was given to the spouse as the â€Å"American Wife† needs distinction and has no extraordinary significance, implying that she is only a minor American Woman and that's it. I believe that the title Hemingway picked was to depict that the spouse felt that she was excused to George her significant other and that he never truly gave a lot of consideration to her. This absence of consideration causes her to feel that she doesn't have a lot of opportunity to communicate and keeps a lot of her sentiments inside. She unquestionably feels the limitation that George has put on her, and so as to satisfy him, she endeavors to make herself conservative simply like the feline. I think this is the reason Hemingway causes it to appear that she is so joined and attracted to getting the feline out of the downpour. Purposes for change: Two focuses can be construed from this occasion: first, George disposes of all the trifling things the spouse says and doesn't give her any consideration, causing her to feel that she should request it. This absence of consideration causes her to feel that she doesn't have a lot of opportunity to communicate and keeps quite a bit of her emotions inside. Second and in particular, she appears to interface with the feline, the feline was attempting to make her so minimal so she would not be dribbled on. † She unquestionably feels the limitation that George has put on her, and so as to satisfy him, she endeavors to make herself conservative simply like the feline. The Cat in the Rain fits superbly with the story. It represents a feline that needs to be free, one that needs to go out and look for the world. The procedure of change is obvious to us. Tragically, something is keeping it down, something out of its control. Hemingway picked this title to reflect how the spouse must feel about not having the option to control her own life. She is much the same as the feline in the downpour, a radical and enthusiastic being not able to take a risk since society has set a restriction on her.

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Doing Business inChina, Argentina, Ireland, Italy, etc. at Stern

Blog Archive Friday Factoid “Doing Business inChina, Argentina, Ireland, Italy, etc.” at Stern For those seeking global immersion during their business school experience, New York Universitys Stern School of Business provides ample opportunity to study abroad, with trips as short as one to two weeks, through its Doing Business in… (DBi) program.   Bi trips take place between the fall and winter semesters, during spring break and in May (after classes conclude).   Each course (trip) is tailored to its specific locale and includes a mix of lectures given by Stern faculty as well as local business practitioners and/or government representatives.   Complementing the classroom learning are hands-on field experiences at such places as corporate headquarters, factories, ports and development sites.   Past DBi locations have included Beijing, Dublin, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Milan and Melbourne, just to name a few.   Students who participate in the DBi program have the chance to gain a new perspective on conducting business in a different culture and likely make some great memories with fellow “Sternies” along with way. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids New York University (Stern)

LSAT Action Plan How to Study and Prepare for the Law School Admission Test

LSAT Action Plan: How to Study and Prepare for the Law School Admission Test Update, January 2020: Read my full list of recommended LSAT prep books on Amazon.So, you're getting ready to go to law school, and you know that that means: conquering the dreaded LSAT. Although I ended up becoming a full-time private test-prep tutor/coach after graduating from Harvard in 2002, there was a time when I was considering law school, too. After scoring in the 150s on my initial practice tests (stupid Logic Games used to always trip me up!), I eventually scored 99% on the LSAT (173) as an undergrad way back in 2001, and I earned a179 as a full-time tutor 10 years later. Today, I am an LSAT coach with 18 years of tutoring experience, helping my students achieve scores as high as 177 and receive admission offers from some of the world's top law schools.Here's my 5-Step Plan for Mastering the LSAT: 1) Build familiarity with the LSAT and its content: Logical Reasoning (LR), Reading Comprehension (RC), and Analytical Reasoning (AR), which is better known as Logic Games (LG). To do so, you are going to want to buy a good strategy guide. I recommend going with The LSAT Trainer by Mike Kim, which is by most accounts is the best all-in-one LSAT strategy book available, and creating a free Khan Academy account for excellent online LSAT preparation (Khan Academy has partnered with LSAC to offer the most realistic LSAT experience outside of the actual PrepTests). Using Khan Academy's online prep service is especially relevant, now that the LSAT is switching to a digital, computer tablet version of the test in July of 2019. If youre more comfortable hiring a for-profit company for your self-paced LSAT prep, then I have heard good things about 7Sage, Velocity, Blueprint, Testmasters and Powerscore (both in print and online). You should also check out the r/LSATprep andr/LSATpreparation subreddits (I am the moderator), which are full of free LSAT resources, materials, and other helpful information. Of course the very best way to learn (shameless plug alert!) is b y hiring a master LSAT tutor like me--if you can afford it--because 1-on-1 lessons are customized specifically for you and are thus the most efficient, and because master tutors tend to be the best teachers. Still, we are not miracle workers: even the very best private tutors/coaches will need at least 5-10 hours to make a big difference in your LSAT score. 2) Purchase (or download) someofficial LSAT Preptests. Start slowly, methodically working your way through official practice questions, untimed and in small chunks. If possible, stop after every question, check your answer, and review if necessary--doing questions one a time is a very slow process, but it is the best way to learn, especially at first. For this purpose I prefer older LSAC tests. With 96 real, official LSAT Preptests at your disposal, there is no need to start all the way at the beginning, but it is better to save the newer tests for later in the process / full diagnostic exams. Once you are ready, start taking a f ull, timed test every 2-3 weeks or so (depending on the length of your preparation) to gauge your progress. PLEASE DONT START TAKING TIMED TESTS UNTIL YOU FEEL READY! YOU HAVE TO LEARN TO WALK BEFORE YOU CAN RUN. In the meantime, create anLSAT Error Log, which is basically just a fancy name for a spreadsheet of your mistakes. Knowing the correct answer is not enough: on LR and RC, you must be able to explain why your answer is correct and why all the others are incorrect. On Logic Games, try to make a diagram whenever possible. 3) About 1/3 of the way through your preparation, its time to break out the stopwatch and start paying closer attention to time. For some people, this is no problem; for others it can be a whole new ballgame. Questions that suddenly seemed easy to answer when you had no time limit all of a sudden seem impossible. Dont worrythis is natural. Practicing timing is essential, but it is important to start slowly and work your way up to the timed tests and practice sets. I suggest working for either 35 minutes at a time (the length of 1 LSAT section) or 105 minutes at a time (the length of 3 consecutive LSAT sections). I also suggest smaller sets of questions (10-20 questions, 10-20 minutes) for when you dont have much time to study or you need short-term motivation. In the meantime, feel free to keep working through tougher questions at your own pace. 4) About 2/3 of the way through your prep, you need to shift your focus to Full, Timed Practice LSATs. Remember that the actual LSAT has an extra experimental section that is not included in the official LSATPrep tests. I suggest taking at least 5 full LSATs before you sit for the real thingat this stage you need to practice mental (and physical) endurance above all else. In the meantime, you are going to want to stay sharp with short, timed drills of 10-20 questions each. Try to set small goals for yourself at the beginning of each session. Look back at the last time you tried questions of tha t question type, and see how you did. Got 15/20 on LR questions last time? Shoot for 16 or 17 correct this time. You get the idea. As far as the practice tests, dont bother reviewing them the day you take themafter 4 hours of LSAT, your brain is going to be way too fried. Instead, wake up the next morning if possible and review then.Remember that for every question you get wrong you should spend at least 5 minutes reviewing that question and attacking it from every possible angle, as well as adding an entry into your error log for later review.5) Eventually, you should be ready to conquer the LSAT! You can register for the LSAT here--it is now offered seven times per year. Remember that there is no longer any lifetime limit on the number of times you can take the LSAT, and that law schools only consider your highest score (although many adcoms still claim that they take the average of your LSAT scores, the general consensus is that this is no longer true). You should also know that the traditionally paper LSAT will be switching to a digital tablet format starting in July of 2019--and that many future law-school students are trying to earn a solid LSAT score before the transition, given the many question marks surrounding the new, digital exam. Questions, comments, suggestions, exhortations? Contact me directly at mcelroy@post.harvard.edu.Good luck on your LSAT and beyond,-Brian

Technology And Economic Growth Development - 1280 Words

Title Technology and economic growth Author Introduction/Significance of the Problem This is in an age of amazing technological transformation compelling people to consider the association between technology and economic growth. Fundamentally all economists agree that productivity growth is the key to doing better over the long term. A standard of living of any nation is the most important sign of national economic performance. The technology and economic growth combination yields human development. Technological innovation has been serving as the definite key driver for long-standing economic growth. This ever-revolving world is at a foremost speed, and technology is essentially at the heart of this revolution. The core of economic†¦show more content†¦Technology is an important factor strongly influencing the economic growth. The availability to technology and its practice in economic processes facilitates the viable position in the global labour division. At present there are same kinds of chances and prospects with technology, industries are experienci ng a number of important forces and are altering paths at which businesses use technology same like what the servers and microprocessors did twenty five years ago. For that reason technology proves to be a driven force for the economies. It is believed to enhance the productivity and eventually can cause a better flow of goods and services, and more people participation in the international market. Economists have played an essential role in the identification of contribution of technology in the growth of economics. They believe that improving productivity and making the growth of economic of Australia using technology are key priorities for the country. Technological innovation based on research plays a key role in addressing these priorities. Partnership between publicly funded organisations for research and business is important to improving the conversion of research into industrious outcomes that boost the nation’s output. Nevertheless, there remain deep systemic obsta cles to raising this partnership in Australia. The increasing technology mediated largely by forces of

Dairy Farming the Ancient History of Producing Milk

Milk-producing mammals were an important part of early agriculture in the world. Goats were among our earliest domesticated animals, first adapted in western Asia from wild forms about 10,000 to 11,000 years ago. Cattle were domesticated in the eastern Sahara by no later than 9,000 years ago. We surmise that at least one primary reason for this process was to make a source of meat easier to get than by hunting. But domestic animals also are good for milk and milk products like cheese and yogurt (part of what V.G. Childe and Andrew Sherratt once called the Secondary Products Revolution). So―when did dairying first start and how do we know that? The earliest evidence to date for the processing of milk fats comes from the Early Neolithic of the seventh millennium BC in northwestern Anatolia; the sixth millennium BC in eastern Europe; the fifth millennium BC in Africa; and the fourth millennium BC in Britain and Northern Europe (Funnel Beaker culture). Dairying Evidence Evidence for dairying―that is to say, milking dairy herds and transforming them into dairy products such as butter, yogurt, and cheese―is only known because of the combined techniques of stable isotope analysis and lipid research. Until that process was identified in the early 21st century (by Richard P. Evershed and colleagues), ceramic strainers (perforated pottery vessels) were considered the only potential method of recognizing the processing of dairy products. Lipid Analysis Lipids are molecules which are insoluble in water, including fats, oils, and waxes: butter, vegetable oil, and cholesterol are all lipids. They are present in dairy products (cheese, milk, yogurt) and archaeologists like them because, under the right circumstances, lipid molecules can be absorbed into ceramic pottery fabric and preserved for thousands of years. Further, lipid molecules which are from milk fats from goats, horses, cattle, and sheep can be easily distinguished from other adipose fats such as that produced by animal carcass processing or cooking. Ancient lipid molecules have the best chance of surviving for hundreds or thousands of years if the vessel was used repeatedly for producing cheese, butter or yogurt; if the vessels are preserved near the production site and can be associated with the processing; and if the soils in the vicinity of the site where the sherds are found are relatively free-draining and acidic or neutral pH rather than alkaline. Researchers extract lipids from the fabric of the pots using organic solvents, and then that material is analyzed using a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry; stable isotope analysis provides the origin of the fats. Dairying and Lactase Persistence Of course, not every person on the earth can digest milk or milk products. A recent study (Leonardi et al 2012) described genetic data concerning the continuation of lactose tolerance in adulthood. The molecular analysis of genetic variants in modern people suggests that the adaptation and evolution of the ability of adults to consume fresh milk occurred rapidly in Europe during the transition to agriculturalist lifestyles, as a byproduct of the adaptation to dairying. But the inability of adults to consume fresh milk may also have been a spur to inventing other methods for using milk proteins: cheese making, for example, reduces the amount of lactose acid in dairy. Cheese-Making Producing cheese from milk was clearly a useful invention: cheese may be stored for a longer period than raw milk, and it was definitely more digestible for the earliest farmers. While archaeologists have found perforated vessels on early Neolithic archaeological sites  and interpreted them as cheese strainers, direct evidence of this use was first reported in 2012 (Salque et al). Making cheese involves adding an enzyme (typically rennet) to milk to coagulate it and create curds. The remaining liquid, called whey, needs to drip away from the curds: modern cheesemakers use a combination of a plastic sieve and a muslin cloth of some sort as a filter to perform this action. The earliest perforated pottery sieves known to date are from Linearbandkeramik sites in interior central Europe, between 5200 and 4800 cal BC. Salque and colleagues used gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze organic residues from fifty sieve fragments found on a handful of LBK sites on the Vistula River in the Kuyavia region of Poland. Perforated pots tested positive for high concentrations of dairy residues  when compared to cooking pots. Bowl-form vessels also included dairy fats and may have been used with the sieves to collect the whey. Sources Copley MS, Berstan R, Dudd SN, Docherty G, Mukherjee AJ, Straker V, Payne S, and Evershed RP. 2003. Direct chemical evidence for widespread dairying in prehistoric Britain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(4):1524-1529. Copley MS, Berstan R, Mukherjee AJ, Dudd SN, Straker V, Payne S, and Evershed RP. 2005. Dairying in antiquity I. Evidence from absorbed lipid residues dating to the British Iron Age. Journal of Archaeological Science 32(4):485-503. Copley MS, Berstan R, Mukherjee AJ, Dudd SN, Straker V, Payne S, and Evershed RP. 2005. Dairying in antiquity II. Evidence from absorbed lipid residues dating to the British Bronze Age. Journal of Archaeological Science 32(4):505-521. Copley MS, Berstan R, Mukherjee AJ, Dudd SN, Straker V, Payne S, and Evershed RP. 2005. Dairying in antiquity III: Evidence from absorbed lipid residues dating to the British Neolithic. Journal of Archaeological Science 32(4):523-546. Craig OE, Chapman J, Heron C, Willis LH, Bartosiewicz L, Taylor G, Whittle A, and Collins M. 2005. Did the first farmers of central and eastern Europe produce dairy foods? Antiquity 79(306):882-894. Cramp LJE, Evershed RP, and Eckardt H. 2011. What was a mortarium used for? Organic residues and cultural change in Iron Age and Roman Britain. Antiquity  85(330):1339-1352. Dunne, Julie. First dairying in green Saharan Africa in the fifth millennium BC. Nature volume 486, Richard P. Evershed, Mà ©lanie Salque, et al., Nature, June 21, 2012. Isaksson S, and Hallgren F. 2012. Lipid residue analyses of Early Neolithic funnel-beaker pottery from Skogsmossen, eastern Central Sweden, and the earliest evidence of dairying in Sweden. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(12):3600-3609. Leonardi M, Gerbault P, Thomas MG, and Burger J. 2012. The evolution of lactase persistence in Europe. A synthesis of archaeological and genetic evidence. International Dairy Journal 22(2):88-97. Reynard LM, Henderson GM, and Hedges REM. 2011. Calcium isotopes in archaeological bones and their relationship to dairy consumption. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(3):657-664. Salque, Mà ©lanie. Earliest evidence for cheese making in the sixth millennium BC in northern Europe. Nature volume 493, Peter I. Bogucki, Joanna Pyzel, et al., Nature, January 24, 2013.

Brave New World and Anthem Comparison Essay - 1092 Words

The Government’s Different Ways of Controlling People In both Brave New World and Anthem the underlying themes are very similar. The government controls every aspect of people’s lives, everyone is supposed to be perfectly happy with what role they are given, and the main character do not fit into what the government was deemed normal. While both books have these very similar traits, there are many differences as well; the way the government controls the people, as well as the form of government, the way people of both societies treat each other, and the situation in which the main characters are placed. In both Brave New World and Anthem the government controls everything about a person. In Brave New World the government has taken the†¦show more content†¦The controllers have absolute power within their continents, but there is also a world council. Each controller is part of the world council and they make decisions that involve more than one controller’s continent. In the books the government has taken measures to see that everyone is perfectly happy, no matter what the cost of happiness is. In Anthem the children are taught from infancy that they would be perfectly happy if they loved their brothers and did their best to serve them. The children were punished if they tried to do something that their brothers would not like, or would not benefit the rest of the population. This method did not always work because some people where resistant to the ideas, and would always think in a different way that would make them unhappy. Also in Anthem the men are taught to stay happy they must serve their brothers fully and not interact with women at all. It is a crime to interact with women outside of the time of breeding. While in Brave New World the government took the children from birth and used conditioning as well as things like electric shocks to make the children think a certain way. This method is used until the children reach adulthood, and then to keep the population happy they are given a drug called soma. Soma is a mind altering drug ha makes the people happy an forget all their worries. The government convinced everyone that SomaShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Anthem for Doomed Youth1382 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† Originally published in 1920, shortly after World War I, â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† demonstrates the horror of the unjust deaths of young soldiers. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† is a poem about Owen’s distain towards the honourless way in which young soldiers pass on, and the impact their deaths have on the loved ones they leave behind. The following essay will show that in the anti-war poem, â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth†, Owen uses sensational descriptionRead MoreClassification of Literature3483 Words   |  14 Pages I. 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Marketing Plan For Facebook Marketing Practices - 986 Words

Goal: Post about LinkedIn Marketing Total words in document: Title: Why Your Business Needs to Consider LinkedIn Marketing Practices Millions use LinkedIn everyday– businesses, professionals, societies, charities, the list goes on. This website goes far beyond networking, to allow for so much more: create discussions, advertise, create content, blog, host events, and so much more. So if you aren’t using LinkedIn to market for your business, you’re doing yourself a disfavor. A coordinated LinkedIn marketing plan can help to bring down your overall marketing costs because of the way it helps you to target your audience. It’s no surprise, then, that B2B businesses benefit the most from the tools on offer, but don’t think that it can’t work†¦show more content†¦So a post that is doing well could end up going viral. This will help you avoid the â€Å"hard sell† and instead be â€Å"discovered† in a way that can naturally and easily convert to customers. It starts with connections that build into relationships. These in turn lead to more connections and mo re relationships. Isn’t that what networking is all about? Besides expanding your audience, you can use LinkedIn to target your audience, as well as to help narrow down the pool of candidates for direct marketing or â€Å"warm calling†, this is where you first look up what connections you might have with the person you intend to call. This is where having clearly defined and easily recognizable branding can make a huge difference. Which is something that LinkedIn excels at getting across, since that is basically what the profiles come down to: personal branding (or corporate, as the case may be). Custom URLs help with this, as do the sponsored updates, where companies can push their post to the front of the line for a customizable list of viewers (like people with certain job titles, from certain companies, with certain skills, or who belong to certain groups). Still not convinced? - It’s more effective than Facebook for reaching businesses and executives. Social media is anything but social for many who use it for work. Companies and executives top the list of work related networkers. So why would you go to Facebook, which is for lives outside

Othello, By William Shakespeare - 1152 Words

‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one sees through the actions or words of others. Jealousy blinds Othello which transforms his intelligent speech in turn transforming his human dealings which ultimately leads to the death of him and his wife. Samuel Taylor Coleridge was a 19th century†¦show more content†¦Reality which was evident through the paradox: â€Å"Were I the Moor I would not be Iago. †¦But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve/For daws to peck at. I a m not what I am.†(Act 1 Scene 1). Iago’s hatred towards ‘the Moor’ and his revelation that he was not what he was, was the earliest proof to the audience that in fact Iago was holding a facade on his entire character. This also represented Roderigo’s obliviousness of Iago’s words to the audience. During openings to the play ‘Othello’ in 1990 by Trevor Nunn, began with a half-lit empty stage. In contextual reference, ‘The moor’ was a racial term which was categorically used for Africans or those of Arab descent during the 1600s. In turn, this contradicted the way ‘Honest Iago’ dealt with ‘the Moor’ in his presence. This was evident in the rhetorical question â€Å"Good my lord, pardon me;†¦Utter my thoughts! Why say they are vile and false?†(Act 3, Scene 3). The ironic stature of the quote displayed to the audience the deceptive games Iago was playing with the characters of Ã¢â‚¬Ë œOthello’. In reference to Iago’s character, critic William Hazlitt had stated that Iago was an extreme instance of â€Å"diseased intellectual activity with an almost perfect indifference to moral good or evil rather a decided preference for the latter†. This linked to Iago’s ‘motiveless malignity’ as he attempted to justify the deceptive plans he was carrying out in the play which is represented in his soliloquy â€Å"But for my

Human Psychology for Technological Acceptance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Factors Psychology for Technological Acceptance. Answer: Introduction With the change in demography all around the world, the business trends of technological advancements change. People like to use new technology but are bounded by their level of acceptance and their ability to use the new gadgets. The main challenge for the new technological companies is to make gadgets or applications which can be used by people who are in their late 60s and are at the age or retirement (Lee, 2017). Young people have started using these technologies from the time when they are inkindergarten but elderly have to learn the new functions. The following report is about the human factors psychology in relation with a smart home company SMARTHAUS4U who wants to develop a smart home app for older people considering their special need of safety, mobility problems and medical conditions. Technological Acceptance Acceptance of technology is known to be the approval, successful reception and continuous use of the services and devices which discovers the relation between the motives of end-users and their attitudes which may be cognitive and effective in adapting to new changes. Technology acceptance has been majorly seen among the young adult who is working on the base of new technology systems (Comunello, Mulargia Belotti, 2017). But the older people are still not so much familiar with the new technology as they have psychological blockages that the new systems is not meant for them and they have a comfort zone from which they do not want to get out. Another factor is the acceptance of medical technologies which is still in question as people around the world think that medical technologies are oriented around the older people who are commonly ill (Mertens, 2017). They are prone to diseases which are caused by increasing age. Older people are not willing to be dependent on the medical technology as they have less faith in them and are inclined to use the conventional manual methods for their safety and mobility problems. One more prominent factor in creating a smart home app is that the hardware for its monitoring is installed and deployed in the walls of homes, furniture and clothes which the older people wear to monitor their movements and for the ease of access. These factors of surveillance compromises the personal space of the patient or the user. The new device over step their intimacy and privacy and generates a sense of loss of control on their personal lives (SalehzadehNiksirat, Silpasuwanchai Wang, 2017). With the use of technology and gadgets in day to day lives of the older people for their health, safety and mobility, they tend to feel that they are completely dependent on the technological tools for their daily chores. Contradiction is there in this thought as some elderly people think that technology has made them independent of other people and they do not want any manual support for live their lives. But the number of such people is considerably less. Psychological Impact of Technology on Ageing People By observing from the various studies done on the older people and their level of acceptance of the changing technology, it was found that the older adults face huge difficulties when they have to use the modern technology. There have new developments in the human centered designs of PDA devices which can significantly reduce the complexities which elder people face in using the new technology (Woll Bratteteig, 2017). It is quite evident that older people have less level of acceptance for the new devices may it be a smartphone or other device of personal use. They have less knowledge about the functioning of the devices and they feel very hesitant in approaching towards the new technology. Since they have lower knowledge about the modern technology it is due to the reason that they have a completely different understanding about the functioning of the devices which keeps them from using them. Their mental stigma is too outdated and they perceive things as the conventional methods wh ich they have built in their minds over the years (Santana-Mancilla Anido-Rifn, 2017). Older adults gained their education when the technological devices were not invented and the machines that they used were far less complex for them as compared to the new devices. Therefore they have much less experience in using them which is a grate cause for their hesitation.Older adults have very low self-confidence for using the new technology devices as they feel that if they use them then the device will malfunction and they can destroy these expensive devices (Fornara Manca, 2017). There have been a difference in opinion about the reliability of the medical technologies among different age groups of people. Young adults are fa more convinced that the medical technologies can be of much help for ailments which hamper the safety and mobility of a person as they have that level of reliance on the new medical technology (Schmidt Kampmeier, 2017). But in the case of older adults, they feel that being completely dependent on the new technology products of medical care is not reli able for them and this produces ambivalent feelings inside them which keeps them at bay from using the modern technology. These reasons are partly genuine and justified from the perspective of the older adults as one cannot use and be completely dependent on the products whom they do not trust. Conclusion It can be concluded here that, SMARTHAUS4U, a modern technology company which wants to develop a smart home app for the safety andmobility of the older adults has to go through a lot for making a place in hearts of the elderly people as there is a very low level of technological acceptance among them due to various psychological constraints which are discussed in the above report. It is a very nice sentiment of the SMARTHAUS4U that the product will cater to the needs of the elderly who cannot do all things of their daily chores by themselves due to their age but people who tend to use them should also be convinced to the extent so that they can completely rely on the modern day tools. It can thus be concluded that there are many human factors of psychology which will come in the way of SMARTHAUS4U to realize this project. References Comunello, F., FernndezArdvol, M., Mulargia, S., Belotti, F. (2017). Women, youth and everything else: age-based and gendered stereotypes in relation to digital technology among elderly Italian mobile phone users.Media, Culture Society,39(6), 798-815. Fornara, F., Manca, S. (2017). Healthy residential environments for the elderly. InHandbook of environmental psychology and quality of life research(pp. 441-465). Springer International Publishing. Lee, A. R. (2017). Psychological proximity to issues of the elderly: The role of age-morphing technology in campaigns for the elderly.Computers in Human Behavior,69, 311-323. Mertens, A., Becker, S., Theis, S., Rasche, P., Wille, M., Brhl, C., ...Schlick, C. (2017). Mobile Technology Improves Therapy-Adherence Rates in Elderly Patients Undergoing RehabilitationA Crossover Design Study. InAdvances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare(pp. 295-308). Springer International Publishing. SalehzadehNiksirat, K., Silpasuwanchai, C., Ren, X., Wang, Z. (2017, May). Towards Cognitive Enhancement of the Elderly: A UX Study of a Multitasking Motion Video Game. InProceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM. Santana-Mancilla, P. C., Anido-Rifn, L. E. (2017). The Technology Acceptance of a TV Platform for the Elderly Living Alone or in Public Nursing Homes.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,14(6), 617. Schmidt, S., Kampmeier, A. S. (2017). Caring TVfor Older People with Multimorbidity Living Alone: Positive Feedback from Users in Berlin and Rural Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. InSafe at Home with Assistive Technology(pp. 43-57). Springer International Publishing. Woll, A., Bratteteig, T. (2017). Activity Theory as a Framework to Analyze Technology-Mediated Elderly Care.Mind, Culture, and Activity, 1-16.

Team Code of Conduct Mobile App for Charity Organisation

Question: Discuss about theTeam Code of Conduct Mobile App for Charity Organisation. Answer: Introduction The team has been working on building up an app for the charity organisation where there will be focus on meeting the requirements of quality, timeliness and quantity. This is through the positive team attitude along with increased productivity of the team members. There are section details to hold the focus on completing the different set of action points which fosters team collaboration. Each group member will be focusing on achieving the primary goal of the project with diligence. The contribution and accountability endeavours to the group meetings for producing a higher quality of work where there are different assigned tasks at every level. Background The focus of the team work is to handle the projects which is able to outline the different requirements for the operations, the team is going to work on. There have been essential requirements where the team members need to work on the expectation of the project to build up a mobile application. The application developed will be a Free App and will not be for the generation of any revenue rather to help the needy people with supporting arguments that justify the development and the maintenance cost of the android app. Purpose The major purpose of the report has been how Honey Badgers (Name of our team) is going to work and interact on the different ideas for the mobile application for a charity organisation. This will help in carrying out a better understanding among us. The team wants to instil in people, the values for helping the unprivileged people through the development of a non-profitable android application. The communication for the android app development is important as there are different factors which strive for communication depending upon the group meetings. Each team member will have to work on the different opportunities along with being prepared for the different questions raised. For a better communication working environment, the members need to respect the other group members with managed time and focus to present the different facts. The members need to also handle the individual views and open mindedness so that they are able to openly discuss about the different aspects of the proj ect. Solution The solution to every situation is through team meetings which focus on the targeting of a current issues along with making a physical connection to the donating activity. The work will be capitalising on the actions, along with assuring the team communication at every level and updating about every change. The team can work on Skype for urgent discussions and meeting attendance as per the requirement. The team members need to be on time along with commencing the work which they have been allocated. There is a need to focus on the different tasks as well as devoting time for the android app. The solution could be best managed through a structure for every meeting to set a particular agenda. This will help in setting the actions points for the next meeting, thereby, ending the agenda of the previous meeting. The communication and the decision making process is the best action point allocation by the team members. Project Schedule The schedule of the project is by handling the team meeting strategy where the entire structure has been to work on the evaluation methods along with their implementation. The structure has been productive enough to keep the meetings set through a defined effectiveness on the topic. Meeting Structure and Delivery Considering the distribution of the team, the team meetings are important to be held on Skype as and when so needed. There is a possibility of the conference calls so that the team members can update about the changes. For a proper scheduled criteria of the project, there is a need to focus on: The reviewing of the previous actions which have been performed and how the project needs to be implemented further. Reviewing the entire schedule which fits the different team members. The reviewing and discussion of all the risks and issues related to the project application, which are possible while developing the android application. There is a need to focus on the different action items in the app which will be helpful and easy to be accessed by the normal user. The assigning of the tasks and completing them on their allocated time is important for easy and successful completion of the project. The meeting of evaluations through a well-defined structure planning. Evaluation of the Project The evaluation is based on setting the structure of the meeting with the handling of improvements with set structure which could be used for meeting format or the structure. The session for the team members includes the ranking for the different questions like the meeting of the requirements, member participation in the different events, the purpose of the meeting and the structure of the same. The project evaluation also focuses on the topics which adhere to the code of conduct. With different roles and responsibilities, the team needs to focus on the agenda items which handles the integrity of the structure along with the decisions that are obvious for the team members. Conclusion The major focus of the entire project is bringing out a team work through proper communication and decision making process. It is only possible to follow the responsibilities, if the person is bound to work for the same. The major role is to undertake the different actions along with keeping an open mind so that all the doubts regarding the project are clear from starting. The participation and avoidance of the conflict situations will help in clarified understanding. With the project start, the objective for the project should be clear to all the members so that there are no conflicts in the end. The sticking to the schedule and allotting the time to the different members for a task should be equal without any discrepancy. The starting on time and ending on time responsibility helps in easy follow-up of the document factors with tasks delegations. Reference Conducting a Meeting The Role of the Chairperson 2011, viewed 1st August 2013, https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/conductà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ meeting.html. Crow, K 2001, TEAM GROUNDRULES, DRM Associates, viewed 1st August 2013, https://www.npdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ solutions.com/groundrules.html. Establishing ground Rules for Groups 2013, viewed 1st August 2013, https://www.jhu.edu/virtlab/misc/Group_Rules.htm. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Team Code of Ethics 2012, viewed 1st August 2013, https://web.mit.edu/2.009/www/codeOfEthics/codeOfEthics.html. Ten Strategies for Conflict Resolution 2013, viewed 1st August 2013, https://www.kdheks.gov/hcf/healthquest/download/resource_downloads/conflictresolution.pdf. Gersick, C.J., 1988. Time and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development.Academy of Management journal,31(1), pp.9-41.

Sample Essay About Korea - What Makes Korea So Special?

Sample Essay About Korea - What Makes Korea So Special?In my opinion a sample essay about Korea is a better place to start than a sample essay about Japan. There are plenty of sample essays on the net that will get you started, but a sample on a country like Korea can give you a feeling of 'Wow!' That feeling will come from the ease of understanding the language, the amazing features of its culture and the diversity of its people.A sample essay about Korea will touch on several important topics. One of the things that may interest you most is the fact that there are hundreds of languages spoken in this country. English is not the only language that people speak, so you will want to learn more than one language. Even if you are an English speaker, there are many opportunities for you to interact with others who speak another language besides English.Another exciting thing to consider is the amount of foreign exchange students that come to Korea every year. Some people find it fascinat ing to see how the culture changes over time as people from other countries come to study and make friends. After all, these people have come to study and enjoy life, and they take advantage of everything that is offered to them.A sample essay about Korea should also touch on some important topics, such as religion. Korean culture emphasizes the importance of family, so the culture of Korea is very important. You will find that the different religions that exist in Korea, such as Buddhism, Catholicism and Protestantism, do not conflict with each other. However, when they do come into conflict, the decision usually falls on the individuals to choose one or the other.A sample essay about Korea will also touch on the many different cultural influences that have come from foreign exchange students from all over the world. In Korea, the culture is constantly changing as time goes by. Since so many other cultures are located here, the influence of culture on the Korean culture is somethin g that will be studied for many years to come.An interesting topic that is often touched on in a sample essay about Korea is the importance of business. As Korea grows as a multi-national nation, the political and economic power of the government in Seoul has risen tremendously. Business leaders have taken notice and are investing in Korea because of the growth in the nation.Lastly, a sample essay about Korea will also touch on family and friendships. Many Koreans live together in communities that are called ganja or hanmi. These are not as bad as the gaijin (foreigners) that used to live in Korea during the Japanese occupation, but they are still often criticized by other Koreans. Although it seems that Koreans are less tolerant of foreign influence than others, this has not always been the case.A sample essay about Korea can help you understand some of the things that make this country great. By learning a little about the Korean culture, business culture and even how the governme nt works, you will have a better understanding of why you enjoy living in Korea so much.

A hope in the unseen essays

A hope in the unseen essays In this Story A Hope in the Unseen we see a young man that has great deal of potential, that is stuck inside a school where it is hard for him to advance as far as a normal student in normal circumstances would. Our main character, Cedric, is constantly put up against odds that are against him, yet he strives to achieve so much in his life. We watch him in this book go through many triumphs and failures that most of us would never imagine having to deal with in our own lives. Cedric main supporter throughout his life is his mother Barbara. She is a very religious and caring mother that has also had many hardships in her life, including the birth of Cedric due to the fact that Cedrics father wanted her to have an abortion. She is the person that always helps Cedric to find the path he needs to be on when Cedric himself lost his way. Another large supporter early on in this book was Cedrics science teacher Mr. Taylor. Mr. Taylor realized the great potential Cedric had academically, but he also knew that Cedric frequently set his goals too high for even himself. Mr. Taylor also encouraged Cedrics growing knowledge by supplementing Cedric with after school tasks and challenges. When Cedric is accepted into the MITES program at MIT after he applied and prayed that he would get in, he put all his focus and hopes in the fact that MIT was the school for him. After getting to MIT and realizing the great difficulty and challenge it presented him, he quickly became discouraged and decided that he did not in fact want to attend MIT. After he returned to Washington D.C. after his MIT visit, Justice Clarence Thomas asked to have a meeting with Cedric in order to discuss his goals. Justice Thomas was very straightforward with Cedric and told him how he felt about Cedrics choices regarding colleges, although some of what Justice Thomas told Cedric was not what Cedric wanted to hear. ...

Photography and Context Essay Example

Photography and Context Essay Example Photography and Context Essay Photography and Context Essay Like all visual media and art works, we rely heavily on context to understand and appreciate photographs. Without context, we risk misinterpreting what we are looking at; we may under (or over) estimate its value or misunderstand the Intentions of the photographer that produced the Image. All photographic images contain contextual information that may be immediately obvious or may require Interpretation. Context may also be provided from the situation In which a photograph Is presented or found be, printed media, a gallery, TV etc. We can look at context in three different forms: internal, original and external Internal context refers to the subject matter of the Image and what Is Immediately obvious from looking at it. For example, a close-up, still life picture of an apple on a table requires no interpretation on behalf of the viewer (assuming he or she knows what an apple is) and carries no meaning beyond what Is obvious In the photograph. But as is pointed out in Criticizing Photographs, even a more complex and emotionally involving image such as an accident involving the death of a small child aeries Its own internal context and Is largely self-explanatory providing the viewer knows something about road traffic accidents and the significance of a blanket covering a body in the street. Original context refers to information (which may or may not be known) on the background of an Image and/or the Intentions of the photographer that produced It. This may require an understanding of the mindset of the photographer and familiarity with their other work for example, knowing that photography was one of several mediums in which Andy Warhol worked and that he often manipulated hotplates for artistic effect. Understanding original context in some images may also require a wider understanding of art or photography. Criticizing Photography uses the example of Sherries Olivines copies of Walker Evans photographs the concept of which would be completely lost if the viewer was not aware that they actually were copies, photographed from an exhibition catalogue. As the book points out, even the title After Walker Evans might lead you to believe the collection was created simply in deference to the great thatch photographer rather than to make a point about retrieve acts. An understanding of the conventions of photography also reveals that though Walker OFF Evans Orlando pantographs are now no longer protected Day copyright laws, Levees copies of them are an intriguing situation which is adopted as a central theme of the collection. Even factual press photographs may benefit from an understanding of the circumstances in which they were taken. Criticizing Photography uses the example of the iconic photograph taken during the Vietnam war of a group of children running along a road towards the camera. The central subject is young girl, naked and crying with her arms outstretched. Such a traumatic image could have emerged from virtually any war in the thatch. However, with the benefit of background information e, original context we learn that the children have been attacked by mistake by an American plane and that the girl has torn her own clothes off to prevent napalm burning her skin. Though such information isnt required for us to understand the horror of what is shown in the photograph, it does provide us with context which affects our interpretation of what we are seeing. External context can be derived from the situation in which photographs are viewed. An obvious example of this would be an image hung in an art gallery which we would probably be more ready to identify as art than a picture in a newspaper which we would see as factual. As Criticizing Photography points out: every photograph has an external context whether this happens intentionally or accidentally and that our appreciation of an image is colored by the situation in which we view it. This is even true of photographs appearing in similar but different media. For example, we are more likely to accept the truthfulness of an image that appears on the front page of The Times than we are on The Daily Star. Similarly. We are also more likely to accept a photograph as a genuine work of art if it is found hanging in major international gallery than we would if it was entered at a local photographic competition. Criticizing Photography uses the example of a photograph taken by Robert Doziness in a French cafe © in 1953. Because it was sold by his agent to several different organizations, this same image was used to illustrate French cafe © life, to warn against he evils of alcohol and to accompany an article on the problem of prostitution in Paris. This provides us with a graphic illustration of how external context affects how we interpret images. Conclusion What arises from this discussion is the cameras ability to take virtually any image out of its original context and create a new context for it. The simple act of deciding what to Include In ten Trade Ana want to leave out Ana when to clock ten saunter effectively removes an image from its original position in space and time and places it in a new context that we, as viewers, are left to interpret.

The similarities between the higher education in the United States of Essay

The similarities between the higher education in the United States of America and the Western Europe are limited - Essay Example The following essay will compare the differences in the systems of higher education both in the USA and Western European countries. Key words: higher education in the USA, higher education in the Western Europe, Bologna Declaration Though there are limited similarities between higher education in the USA and Western Europe, nevertheless they exist. First of all, the students both in the USA and Europe enter the college or university after finishing school and getting secondary education. In the USA one has to attend 12 years of primary and secondary school, and with the secondary school diploma or certificate one can go on to getting higher education in the university or college. The secondary education in the Western Europe differs slightly from country to country. Generally, the pupils need to attend 11-12 years of primary and secondary school before entering college or university. To enter university students in both Europe and the USA need to provide a proof of completion of high school. Besides, in the USA pupils need to pass the standardized test (SAT, ACT). There is a tuition fee that needs to be paid, but the amount can be different from university to university. There are public and private universities in the USA as well as Western Europe. As far as higher education goes, still, there are more differences than similarities between the USA and the Western European countries. Usually, American students are able to earn their Bachelor's degrees by attending Spring and Fall semesters for four years, if they spend summers at home. It is also possible to study in summer, this way one will earn his Bachelor’s degree in a shorter period of time. â€Å"Most colleges and universities follow either a quarter-based calendar system or a semester-based calendar system. In a quarter system, the academic year is divided into three sessions called quarters. Each quarter lasts about 12 weeks. There is usually an additional quarter in the summer, where registrat ion is optional. In a semester system, the academic year is divided into two sessions called semesters. Each semester lasts 16 weeks.† (The US College Unit System, para.2) Study at a college or university leading to the Bachelor's degree is known as "undergraduate" education. A Bachelor degree is the most traditional degree given by the US colleges and universities. The American system of higher education measures student's progress in credit hours. The student must earn 124 credits to graduate with a Bachelor's degree. Each college course is assigned a certain value in â€Å"credits† or â€Å"units.† The number of units corresponds to the number of hours that a student will attend class for that course. Most colleges require that students complete a minimum number of units in order to graduate, rather than a minimum number of courses. This way, it gives students more flexibility and more freedom of choice as far as what courses to take in order to complete their graduation requirements. If one finds his bachelor’s degree to be insufficient, he/she may proceed to get their Master’s degree and Doctorate (also known as PhD). One may need a PhD degree to teach at the university, for example. In addition, there are some courses that are taught only at the â€Å"postgraduate† level (the next level after the Bachelor’s degree). Among such courses are law, medicine and dentistry. How

Social and Economical Factors Impact on Managerial Education Decisions Research Paper

Social and Economical Factors Impact on Managerial Education Decisions - Research Paper Example In this study, we would first draft the economic and social viewpoint on manager decision and a number of abnormal experiential phenomena as they emerge in research. Second, we would bring in the ideas of decision and manager decision because we would consequently employ them in this study. Third, we would argue two-stage rational attitude in a hospitality industry and whoosh in on the management of two-stage rational attitude. Fourth, we would build a structure of decision based on two-stage rationality. Fifth, we would depict what manager decision of two-stage rational attitude appears akin to within the structure and demonstrate how it could gather the four phenomena elaborated in the study (Kim; Shin and Swanger 2009 pp.96-104). Lastly, we would sketch a number of conclusions, among others concerning the reimbursement of having a socio-economic view on manager education decision. Research Questions 1. Find out the overture a structure of manager education decision that gathers ph enomena in study, similar to the significance of social and economic components for managing behaviour, rule-subsequent behaviour and the evolutionary temperament of control? 2. Give detail the phenomena that the leading economic and social viewpoint, depended on self-attracted agents and financial rewards, could not effortlessly attract. Discuss Design The structure typifies manager education decision as the managerial attitude in hospitality industry. It is based on two-stage rationality in which rule-following managerial attitude provides sense to economic and social components. Study Review The Economic View A most vital element of the study in manager decision is... This essay stresses that there are very little efforts to provide a more universal structure which is based on a broader picture of people attitude. In this study, we would first draft the economic and social viewpoint on manager decision and a number of abnormal experiential phenomena as they emerge in research. Second, we would bring in the ideas of decision and manager decision because we would consequently employ them in this study. Third, we would argue two-stage rational attitude in a hospitality industry and whoosh in on the management of two-stage rational attitude. Fourth, we would build a structure of decision based on two-stage rationality. Fifth, we would depict what manager decision of two-stage rational attitude appears akin to within the structure and demonstrate how it could gather the four phenomena elaborated in the study. As the paper declares a most vital element of the study in manager decision is considered with the economic view on the decision concern. In accordance of this viewpoint, self-attracted peoples are synchronized throughout the employment of, typically financial, rewards and punishments. In the precedent few decades, four advancements were pointed out in study that could not be gathered effortlessly by the neo-classical as well as new-institutional economics supported perception on manager decision. A lot of experiential studies demonstrate that the running methods for managing a hospitality industry are established to vary from the resolutions agreed by the economic viewpoint

Discussing Database Management Systems E Business Information Technology Essay

Discussing Database Management Systems E Business Information Technology Essay Software systems or computer software which is used to create, modify, maintain, provide controlled access to user database. According to Mullins, 2002 It enables end users 7 application programmes to share data, it enables data to be shared among multiple applications rather than propagated stored in new files for every new applications. For e.g. Online banking systems uses database management systems, Big hospitals uses database management systems to keep the track record of their patients details, their history etc. Database management systems based on the variety of models of distribution architectures such as the widely used Client/Server architecture and centralized architecture among others as also the database models such as Relational Model and the XML Model etc. First DBMS systems were used for primary for large complex ventures such as Apollo moon landing projects. Such operations were too expensive to contemplate anyway, as in that era most data was stored on magnetic tape 1970s Relational DBMS During this decade DBMS became a commercial reality. The hierarchical network database systems were developed they are generally regarded as first generation DBMS. They are still widely used. But have limitation, like difficulty in accessing to data, very limited data independence, not widely accepted. 1980s E.F.Codd others developed the relational data model during the 1970. This was second generation DBMS. With relational model all data were represented in form of tables. This has widespread commercial acceptance diffused throughout the business world in 1980s. SQL is the fourth generation language which is used for data retrieval. 1990s Object oriented database. This decade was the new era of computing, first with client/server, data warehousing internet application which became increasingly important. Largely structured, multimedia data became increasingly common during the 1990s. Both relational object oriented database are still of great importance. 2000 Beyond. The ability to manage increasingly complex data. Multidimensional data considerably importance in data warehouse application. Development of universal servers based on object relational DBMS. Especially important to internet application. Fully distributed database became a reality, centralization of database will continue. The lower cost of high performance computing also encourages centralization. Content-addressable storage will become more popular. User can retrieve data by specifying the data they desire. For e.g. a user can query any detail in Google site can have the computer search for the closest match to that photo. Working on developing data mining algorithms that scale to handle very large data sets which help to analyze data efficiently. Improving abilities to discern patterns, trends, correlation about customers, employees, products suppliers will influence strategic decision making by organisation. The proliferation of the PDAS will lead to improved synchronization of small databases improvement of wireless transmission. The use of web services will become more widespread as reliable XML web services more available. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system#Overview Function of Database management systems. There are several functions that a DBMS performs to ensure data integrity and consistency of data in the database. Data dictionary management: Data Dictionary is where the DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata). The DBMS uses this function to look up the required data component structures and relationships Data storage management: This particular function is used for the storage of data and any related data entry forms or screen definitions, report definitions, data validation rules, procedural code, and structures that can handle video and picture formats Security management: This is one of the most important functions in the DBMS. Security management sets rules that determine specific users that are allowed to access the database Multiuser access control, Multiuser access control is a very useful tool in a DBMS, it enables multiple users to access the database simultaneously without affecting the integrity of the database. Backup and recovery management: Backup and recovery is brought to mind whenever there is potential outside threats to a database. Backup management refers to the data safety and integrity; for example backing up all your mp3 files on a disk. Data integrity management, The DBMS enforces these rules to reduce things such as data redundancy, which is when data is stored in more than one place unnecessarily, and maximizing data consistency, making sure database is returning correct/same answer each time for same question asked. Database access languages application programming interfaces: A query language is a nonprocedural language. An example of this is SQL (structured query language). SQL is the most common query language supported by the majority of DBMS vendors. The use of this language makes it easy for user to specify what they want done without the headache of explaining how to specifically do it Database communication interfaces: This refers to how a DBMS can accept different end user requests through different network environments. An example of this Can be easily related to the internet. A DBMS can provide access to the database using the Internet through Web Browsers (Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Netscape). http://databasemanagement.wikia.com/wiki/DBMS_Functions Types of Database Management Systems: Database management has become important part of every company that has got data to be managed handled. There are two types of database. Server database. Desktop database. Advantages of Database management systems: Controls Data redundancy Consistency Improved data integrity Easy to access data and maintain it Provides backup recover services Increase in productivity concurrency Disadvantages of database management systems: Maintain data are Complex Maintaining the database systems are very costly, for e.g. the server database is mainly connected with multiuser application have greater reliability data consistency. It is costlier than desk top database operates on high performance servers. There is high risk of failure. CHAPTER-2 E-Business: According to IBM (www.ibm.com/e-business) e-business (ebizNis) the transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies. The key business processes referred to in the IBM definitions are the organizational processes. They include research and development, marketing, manufacturing and inbound and outbound logistics. Louis Gerstner, the former CEO of IBM, in his book, Who Says Elephants Cant Dance? Attributes the term e-Business to IBMs marketing and Internet teams in 1996. Stiller A (2003) related that Sussis (2000) an e-commerce consultant, stated that as businesses move into significant e-businesses, good planning strategies, design and implementation becomes more and more essential. E-business (electronic business), derived from such terms as e-mail and e-commerce, is the conduct of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners. Today, major corporations are rethinking their businesses in terms of the Internet and its new culture and capabilities. Companies are using the Web to buy parts and supplies from other companies, to collaborate on sales promotions, and to do joint research. E-business can be conducted using the Web, the Internet, intranets, extranets, or some combination of these. E-Business will impact business process, technology and organizational structure E-Business opportunities exist in: Sales Marketing Product Development Supply Chain Management Procurement Support Processes People Enablement For example Amazon (www.amazon.com) and eBay (www.ebay.com) are the worlds two biggest e-businesses. Types of e-business or e-commerce: B2B (business to business) business communications with other businesses like the direct placement of purchase orders. B2C (business to consumer) business communications with consumers through sales completed from a business website (e-commerce) or a regular newsletter. B2G (business to government) business communications with government like online taxation lodgements. P2P technology enables internet users to share files computer resources. Music file sharing services such as Gnutella are the prime examples of this type of e-commerce. M-commerce involves the use of wireless digital devices to enable the transaction on the web. http://www.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/run/it/pages/ebiz.aspx Benefits/Advantages of E-Business: Business whether small or big are using the internet in their own ways. To work with partners and suppliers, for procurement, for internal activities such as knowledge sharing and new product development, and much more. Companies such as United Technologies, J. Sainsbury, General Electric and many others are reporting benefits from the use of the Internet. These benefits include: improved speed of response; cost savings; improved communications, information and knowledge sharing; reductions in inventory; improved efficiency and productivity; harmonisation and standardisation of procedures; better transfer of best practices; acquisition of new customers and increased sales; improved customer service Removes Location and Availability Restrictions Reduces Time and Money Spent http://www.ecommerceeducation.com/benefits-of-ecommerce.asp http://www.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/run/it/pages/benefits.aspx Barriers to E-business: Security encryption; Trust risk; Lack of qualified personal; Lack of business models; Culture; Legal Issues; Fraud risk of loss; Internet/web is too slow not dependable. Constantly change in technology, which is always costly. {Source by: Veljko MilutinoviĆ¡, Frà ©dà ©ric Patricelli (2002) E-business and e-challenges; IOS PRESS; page 10} CHAPTER-3 ROLE OF DBMs IN e-BUSINESS: Every big or small organization is now trying their hands on DBMs to remain competitive in their respective fields. Every organisation which is big or at its starting stage wants to have their own DBMs as they dont want themselves to be left behind. To function in an e-business environment, an organization has to have a good command of knowledge on its markets, customers, products and services, methods and processes, competitors, employee skills and its regulatory environment. The term E-business is used in two main ways within organizations. The first is as a concept which can be applied to strategy and operations. Secondly E-business is used as an adjective to describe businesses that mainly operate online, i.e. they have no physical presence on the high-streets and seek to minimize customer-service and support through enabling web self-service. Educational institution, public government organisation, private enterprises which require large databases to store informations are using DBMs in their business. Every day some or the other organisation is building database application or re-constructing the older version, for making these application there are two ways; Microsoft products such as .net platform or Visual BASIC with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver connected to SQL Server the other is JSP/Java Server with a JDBC driver in DBMSs such as Oracle or IBM DB2 on the Unix, Linux and Windows platforms. Sabre airline reservation system was introduced in 1964 which was the first large scale DMBs for airline industry. Both airline travelling agents depends on sabre other reservation systems like Apollo. These database contain information about flight seats of most commercial airlines, permitting co-ordination of reservation. Now days every airline company has their own database where they do lot of work. Database helps their customers to book their itineraries fares. It has became lot easy for the customers to sit in the comfort of home enjoy the services. These databases help the airline industry to grow doubling their profits. DBMS is important to the operations of e-Business because it provides the organisation with the tools to make relevant and concrete decisions concerning the business. With a touch of button, hundreds of data stored in its database about a transaction, product or customer can be extracted, viewed, or amended The DBMS enables the e-Business to reduce waste in that majority of the traditional approach of doing business in the file-based era has been reduced. For e.g. in customer service industry the DBMs helps them to maintain the records information about the customers. For instance all banks have online telephone banking services provided for their customers as they keep track every record every minute details of the customers. Database management systems are widely used by the information technology in computer manufacturing business, the DBMs help them in understanding their customers need like in some website of a computer manufacturing companies we can virtually customize or make changes in laptops we can purchase make payments online get our laptops within couple of days. Conclusion In todays world e-business is extremely important for many reasons. Some of which is due to the fact it can speed the whole process of ordering etc. up. This then means that the lead time can be decreased because the ordering of products can be done much more quickly, particularly because the Internet is a fast running wide area network. The Internet has completely reshaped customer relationships. The transformation began with the dot-com boom, which spawned a new type of company whose entire business model was predicated on Web acceptance and usage. These companies Yahoo (Nasdaq: YHOO), Amazon (Nasdaq: AMZN), eBay (Nasdaq: EBAY) and Google (Nasdaq: GOOG) took advantage of the Web in all aspects of their business. Soon, traditional brick-and-mortar enterprises realized that to survive, they too had to satisfy customer expectations to procure goods and services over the Internet. e-business has been benefited by DBMs a lot. But a lot work has to be done in developing more database application which are more user friendly, analytical practical. Lot of work has to be done in security issues of this e-business organisation as they have lot of personal information regarding their customers, to eliminate the fraud which is easily done by the hackers as they have access to these databases or can break the access codes use the valuable information. Up gradation of the databases websites should be always done so that these e-businesses would attract lot of customers. E-business is the future of all the organisation, as the world is get closer so does the business, to stay in the competition companies must adapt to new technologies.