Google Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Google - Assignment Example Since its formation, the primary goal of the company has been to put information across the globe in an order and make them available to the population of the world at large. With its mission, the company has been highly successfully providing the world with several products and services including web products (Google, n.d.). The current research focuses on the growth and development of the Google Company and the various changes, challenges and opportunities encountered by the company over the years. The impact of such changes would also be learnt in the process and using the business analytics tools like the SWOT analysis, BCG growth matrix, Porter’s five forces model, Nine forces model, customer segmentation, and win/loss analysis, a detailed analysis of the company in regard to the industry has been conducted followed by suggested recommendations for further improvement of the company’s prospects. ... The company obtains huge income from their ad systems and the bargaining power of the suppliers can be expected to be low if the company can sustain it dominance over the market with respect to its products and services. Google has supremacy on around 60 percent of the information searches conducted over the internet. This provides the company with a competitive advantage over its competitors like the Yahoo and the Microsoft. The buyers of the company too do not have a controlling power over the company since the different accounts of the company depending on the earnings of the company do not have a contribution to the total revenue of the company. Also, not more than 5 percent of the revenue is generated from the networking sites of the company. Since Google provides its customers with informed as well as sorted data in the present business world when large population are dependent on the internet exploration, other companies have not been found to be as effective as Google in prov iding such facilities, thus lessening the threats of substitutes (Morrow, 2008). The Google Company can thus be observed to maintain its position its position in the industry efficiently in regard to all the five forces that Porter had mentioned to be focused for the success of the company. Organization: The Organization of the company may be analyzed through a SWOT analysis and the use of BCG Matrix. The strengths of the company lie in its effective team of management that guides the company through all the decision making of the company’s actions. Moreover the company tries different measures that are followed across the world to determine its planning and procedure. The company is dominant in providing its customers

Assessing patient with cardiocascular accident usingRopLogand Tierey Essay

Assessing patient with cardiocascular accident usingRopLogand Tierey - Essay Example A stroke is when blood flow to a part of brain blocks either by a rupture or a blockage of a blood vessel. Model of Roper, Logan, and Tierney" is recommended as the suitable model for use in intensive care settings (Robb, 1997; Sutcliffe, 1994). Molloy (Pg 176 1996) supports the use of this model in a neonatal situation. Tierney (1998) suggest that this model allows nursing to work directly with medicine, rather than separately which gives the nurse a chance to acquire knowledge of medicine in a manner which is simpler (Roper, Logan & Tierney 2001). The model measures the individual's potential and comparative independence for development. The rationale for choosing this model was based on its integration of nursing care with medication. The model provides a good chance to address my patient conditions where the cost of treatment as per this model is provided by the state. He is suffering from communication, breathing and personal cleansing which most stroke survivor’s experie nce. Diagnosis is an essential process during nursing activities since it assist to set goals of either remedying the situation or sustaining. The cases scenario brought challenge of communication issue, personal cleansing and breathing (Roper, Logan & Tierney 2001). ... Overview Objectives are imperative in that they provide direction in what health care needs to do, and present a principle by which to evaluate whether the objective has been attained (Mason-Whitehead 2008). It provides the anticipation that the patient may recover and illustrates something is being implemented to attain this with the client’s comprehension and participation in the procedure that considers patient’s values and desires during the process (Institute of Medicine 2003). The goal of this assessment is to incorporate Roper, Logan and Tierney Nursing Model, intervention process of the situation and confidentiality requirements of the patient. The goal of stroke treatment is to regain as much independence as possible; Recovery from stroke is a lifetime procedure. For my patient healing begins with formal treatment. It is vital for the nurse and patient family to recognize that no matter where they are in his recovery journey, there is always hope. Partnership a nd coordination is vital for the patient to learn as much as he can about stroke and healing, and utilize the funds those are available with collaboration and advice from the former employee which he was working early before the accident of stroke. Health insurance cover should subsidize his expenses on treatment (Lincoln 2012). This model of nursing ensures that patients are well taken care of even after discharge and gives the nurse in charge, to gain knowledge, learn practical experience and medicine point of view. According to the procedures of (NMC 2008), investigations were done after explanation on all the procedures he would subject to, the common causes of the accident such as hypertension, older age and

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Man is no truly one, but truly two. There are two sides to man, a good, and a bad. This book was written by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1885 and is set in the Gothic genre. The gothic genre is associated with darkness, the supernatural, and more importantly, nightlife. The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is based on Stevensons own double life. In his daily life he was a respectable Victorian middle classed man, however by night he lived the life of a debauched bohemian. The Victorian society at that time and the lifestyle was very strict. They believed in morality and formality, and the Victorian children were extremely well behaved. The middle and upper class Victorians would meet at public gatherings, for example church and would expect each other to behave in a very ethical manner. This however was not the case at all times, especially men. They would go out late in the night gambling and drinking. Stevenson portrays this using the life style of a doctor who is ethical, principled and lives a very normal and proportioned life. However, by night his personality and his look grow into a monster like creature. Jekyll is described as tall and handsome throughout the book. He is very well known, and is also very rich indeed. He believes in man having two sides, a good, and a bad. He wants to find out how to separate the two personalities and uses himself to show this. Dr Jekyll, the well respected, good natured man, and Mr Hyde the more primitive and ape like of the two. Mr Hyde is also referred to as simian and hairy. He is considerably smaller than Jekyll and is therefore looked upon as lower in the evolutionary scale. Mr Utterson is the main narrator of this book except for Dr Lanyon and Dr Jekyll in the last chapters. Having more than one narrator in a story is a feature of the gothic genre. Utterson is a middle aged Lawyer and is a person who most of the characters can confide in. He leads a moral life, and has a good profession and therefore is probably the books most respected character. In a way he also has a contradicting personality in the way that he is meant to be a person who is friendly to anyone, however he secretly despises Hyde. By keeping these secrets, Stevenson portrays a double life lurking inside Utterson aswell. Jekyll desires to separate the two personalities of man, however he does not tell anybody due to the fact that people may think that he is trying to play God. Later in the book Jekyll becomes addicted into turning into Hyde, and at one time runs out of the ingredients to make the potion to turn into him. Through this Stevenson illustrates that evil is much more powerful than good. My evil, kept awake by ambition, was alert and swift to seize the occasion; and the thing that was projected was Edward Hyde. During the book Jekyll spontaneously turns into Hyde, which portrays that evil is more powerful than good. Charles Darwins evolutionary scale is hinted at a couple of times in this book. Hyde is described as less-upright, simian and ape-like. This is the total opposite to the principles expected of the Victorian society. Jekylls appearances and personality have been juxtaposed to Hyde. In the book Jekyll is often complimented for his looks and his wealthy nature, whereas Hyde is criticised for his ugliness and the fact that he gives the impression of an animal. This therefore suggests that Jekyll is much higher up in the evolutionary scale than Hyde. The return of man to the inhuman state is often recognised in the Gothic genre. By linking Darwinism and The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, we can see that Stevenson here is also portraying man higher up in the evolutionary scale as good and man lower in the evolutionary scale as bad. A large part of this book is involves secrecy. Dr Jekyll keeps his relation with Edward Hyde a secret otherwise people would have looked at him in a different way, however the irony of looking at him as a different man can be perceived by us, the viewers. Near the beginning of this book Hyde tramples a young girl, and the family of that girl ask for his name using blackmail, the alternative however was to pay one hundred pounds in order to keep his identity quiet. This shows how much secrecy meant to the Victorian society. Throughout the book there are references to blackmail between Hyde and Jekyll, (ironically the characters in the book do not know that they are the same person), however the only person who believes that blackmailing has occurred between them is Mr Enfield, who is a cousin of Utterson. Blackmail is slightly engaged with homosexuality and a suggestion to homosexuality is made on frequent occasions during the book. Your master seems to repose a great deal of trust in that young man . Victorian society viewed homosexuality as absolutely forbidden, a famous poet and playwright named Oscar Wilde had a homosexual affair just after marrying, and was therefore imprisoned. Stevenson looks into the theories of Freud. Classing Hyde as the Id and Jekyll as the ego. We can easily class the two in this way from the behaviour that Stevenson portrays in this book. Jekyll seeks to separate good from evil and therefore has high expectations and is definitely respected for it. Hyde is classed as the Id, as he attacks violently almost in a state of insanity, there is no morality at all in him, he is a total opposite to the nature of Jekyll. He is totally unaware of what he does, and attacks at will. This book is classed in the gothic genre, as it is mainly set in darkness, and it refers to the supernatural and magical things that take place. It presents fear affected on those who live the simplest lives for example, Dr Lanyon who dies purely of fright. There are also multiple narrations, which is a link to the gothic genre. In this book there are three narrators. Other assets linked to this genre, are symbols like the moon, fog, a special door, city streets, good and evil. The door being a very important feature, as it separates two different types of man, Hyde and Utterson. Through this door Stevenson depicts the two sides of man. Frankenstein and Dracula were also written in the gothic genre and similarly link in the same way as Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Frankenstein is about a doctor that creates a monster like man who commits crimes and this therefore links to Mr Hyde who is presented in a similar way in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Dracula however, is about a man who lives a double life, and plays a perfect host during the day to those whom he may invite to his gothic style mansion in Transylvania. By night however, becomes a creature hankering for blood. The character Dracula is more similarly related to Jekyll as he plays by the aristocratic nature during the day, and by night changes into the unthinkable, for a person with such principle. Dr Victor Frankenstein however is less similarly related to Jekyll as he physically doesnt commit any crimes himself, but its his use of science, which links the two characters together. Stevenson, as a student lived life like many of the men that are presented in this book. He lived in Edinburgh, which had two parts to it, a new town where the middle to upper class people housed themselves and lived moral lives, and an old town where many lower classed people slept on the streets and those who earnt a little more lived in disgusting, diseased filled, houses. Due to educated and well-known parents, Stevenson lived a good life as a child and educated himself at Edinburgh University. It was here where he and a group of friends carried out mischievous things, and then he came to realise that he had two lives, a life where he respected others and was a hard workingman like his father, and also a life where he was free from morality and principles. It was this experience that he had which probably led to this story of a man who is trying to prove that there are really to sides of man, good and evil.

Effect of Technology on Public Transportation

Effect of Technology on Public Transportation What evidence of the social shaping of technology, if any, is provided by the history of public transport in London Paris (1820-1990)? The following will discuss the evidence or otherwise of the social shaping of technology with regard to public transport in London and Paris between 1820 and 1990. During this period technological advances in public transport were pronounced and whether they shaped social changes will be outlined below. London and Paris are apt examples to use as they developed rapidly during the 19th Century and had continued to change until the end of the period. In 1820 both London and Paris were expanding cities yet their transport systems with the exception of canals to London had hardly changed at all in hundreds of years. However, the impact of industrialisation and urbanisation would mean that London and Paris would need the improvements in public transport to get their populations to work, school and home again. These advances in technology in turn would bolster the social and economic changes that had fostered them in the first place. The British population increased from 10 million in 1800 to 36 million in 1990 whilst that of France went from 27 million to 40 million (Roberts, 1996, p.322). In the same period the population of London went from 900,000 to 4.7 million whilst that of Paris went from 600,000 to 3.6 million. Most of the rise in the London and Paris populations resulted from the increased migration promoted by public transport (Roberts, 1996, p.322). The term ‘commuter’ came into everyday use during the 1850s to describe the people that travelled into and around London daily to work. These commuters travelled by train and in any of the 800 horse drawn bus services. After 1862 commuters could travel on the first complete section of the underground from Paddington to Farrington Street. The underground was developed and built by partners including the City of London and Great Western Railway. The construction of such systems in London and Paris showed great engineering skills not least because of the need to tunnel or bridge the Thames and the Seine respectively (Evans, 2000, p.101). The Paris metro was opened on July 19 1900 when it only went from Porte de Vincennes to Porte Mailliat. Like the London underground the metro was extended much further than the original line. Line 1 for example now runs from Chateau de Vincent to La Defense. The Paris metro gained a reputation for not only being more efficient that the London underground but also more elegant. The metro resulted from the engine ering know how of Fulgence Bienvenue and the architectural elegance of Hector Guimard. The metro has 211 kilometres or 130 miles of track that serves 380 stations that means that any within Paris is merely 500 metres away from the nearest station. The metro is slightly bigger than half of the London underground yet has a hundred stations more (Mills, 1997-2005). Improvements in technology meant that more people travelled to London and Paris to live and work, thus more of them could travel within and beyond the city limits. That was due to the increase in the provision of public transport. In the early part of the period 1820 to 1990 was the advent of the railways. The first successful rail service between Stockton and Darlington was developed by George Stephenson provided the impetus for a great expansion of railways (Hobsbawm, 1962, p.187). As respective capital cities London and Paris were logically at the centre of their national rail networks. Technically speaking, although the train services into, from and in London were providing a public service they were privately owned until after 1945. Britain had a head start over France when it came to the amount and density or rail and track not only in the capital but nationally as well, over 750 kilometres squared compared to between 250-499 kilometres squared for France (Hobsbawm, 1975, p.310 ). The advent of the railways meant that the Londoners and Parisians could have better links to the provinces, also cities such as Newcastle and Marseilles were easier to reach. The railways also meant that other parts of their cities were easier to get to (Hobsbawm, 1975, p.56). Southern Railway that ran the majority of train services in and around London was the only private rail operator (before nationalisation) that was regularly in profit (Black, 2000, p.89). Linked to the spread of the railways was the adoption of underground – systems in both London and Paris. The underground and metro systems offered the capacity and ability to carry millions of commuters daily without causing as much disruption as having all the rail tracks above ground. London expanded its operative underground -system in 1890 and Paris alongside other cities followed within a decade. The London underground is roughly double the size of the Paris metro since the completion of its last extension in 1999 with 392 kilometres or 244 miles of track with 280 stations (Crystal, 2003, p.950). In contrast to the railways the London underground continued to expand during the 1960s and beyond. The new Victoria Line of the 1960s was followed by the Jubilee Line and the extension of the system to Heathrow Airport in the 1970s (Black, 2000, p. 91). The underground systems gave the advantage of transporting more people with greater speed than other forms of both private and public transport. At that point cars and buses were barely in existence. Even as cars became more common they remained out of the price range of many Londoners and Parisians until the 1950s. Using public transport had the advantage of being cheaper without the need to worry about parking or having to stay stuck in traffic jams (Black, 2000, p.86). Another way that public transport has made on the social shaping of technology in London and Paris was the role of buses. Prior to the invention of the internal combustion engine there had been the horse driven bus. However, the buses driven by petrol or diesel engines were able to carry more passengers further than their horse driven predecessors. Buses could pick passengers up from places where the train and the underground did not go. Buses were introduced into London and other British cities from 1898 (Black, 2000, p.87). Buses tended to operate later services than the trains did in London. Within London and outside it, train companies before the Second World War often ran bus services. The Second World War led to London’s travel infrastructure been badly damaged whilst Paris had escaped heavy bombing although other parts of the French rail and roads had been destroyed (Black, 2000, p.88). In most respects the coming of railways amply demonstrated the social shaping of technology. It helped to speed the movement of people from the smaller towns and villages to major cities such as London and Paris. The railways allowed goods or people to travel much faster and also generated great wealth for their investors. Such wealth was shown in the elegant stations such as King’s Cross and Paris du Nord. The railways employed thousands directly or indirectly whilst transporting millions more (Hobsbawm, 1987, p.27). France had been slower in building railways than Britain yet managed to double the amount of track it had between 1880 and 1913 (Hobsbawm, 1987, p.52). The railway workers and other transport workers shaped society in ways linked to technology or in times of industrial disputes the refusal to use that technology. Both the British and French transport workers had a reputation for their radical trade unionism. In the British General strike of May 1926 support among st London’s transport workers was solid and not a bus, train or underground train ran for nine days (Brendon, 2000, pp 46-47). France tended to be more prone to strikes than Britain. In the summer of 1936, Paris and the rest of the country came to a halt after a series of strikes spread to the transport workers after starting at Renault (Brendon, 2000, p. 296). Even in more recent times strikes on the metro are frequent, especially if the French trade unions are unhappy with their government. Unlike their counterparts in London most Parisians can walk to work if that happens (Mills, 1997-2005). There was another development in public transport that allowed some social shaping due to technology, the aircraft. At first air travel was restricted to the rich, the military and cargo carriers. However the increasing cheapness of flights and the opening of airports such as Charles de Gaulle and Heathrow near Paris and London respectively made package holidays and internal business flights easier (Hobsbawm, 1994, p. 15). It was in the production of the supersonic airliner Concorde that both countries collaborated to show how technologically advanced they were. Concorde would allow people to travel to and from London and Paris in luxury as well as been good for national prestige (Crystal, 2003, p. 214). Whilst the French have made efforts to maintain and modernise their rail network in Paris and nationally the decline in the British railways has been marked. The total mileage of track halved between 1945 and 1992 whilst the number of car owners increased twenty fold in the same peri od. That meant that public transport was taken more seriously in Paris than London (Black, 2000, pp. 90-92). Therefore, it can be argued that social shaping technology was evidenced by public transport in London and Paris between 1820 and 1990. It was the development and expansion of the railways that greatly contributed to the expansion of London and Paris during the 19th Century. The railways generated wealth and trade as well as bringing people and jobs to both London and Paris. The development of underground-systems also contributed to social shaping and more and more people were able to commute to work and school. Public transport was further enhanced with the introduction of powered buses whilst the availability of cycles and later cars meant that not everybody had to rely on public transport. Whilst the greater availability of public transport had made social shaping changes the wider availability of cars led to more people moving out of the cities centres in to the suburbs. Public transport still remains vital for millions of Londoners and Parisians and commuters that travel from fu rther afield to go about their everyday business in London or Paris. Bibliography Black, J (2000) Modern British History since 1900, Macmillan Foundations, Macmillan, London Brendon, P (2000) The Dark Valley – A Panorama of the 1930s, Jonathan Cape, London Crystal, D (2003) The Penguin Concise Encyclopaedia, Penguin Group, London Hobsbawm, E (1962) The Age of Revolution 1789-1848, Weidenfeld Nicholson, London Hobsbawm, E (1975) The Age of Capital 1848-1875, Weidenfeld Nicholson, London Hobsbawm, E (1994) The Age of Extremes – the short Twentieth Century 1914-1991, Michael Joseph, London Mills, I C (1997-2005) The Paris metro www.discoverfrance (Barry Vale)

Quest for Identity in the Victorian Era Essay -- Literature Essays Lit

Quest for Identity in the Victorian Era      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "'Who are you?' said the caterpillar" to Alice (Carroll 60).   This was a question she could not answer.   Why doesn't Alice know what constitutes her being?   Humans desire completeness, and a solid identity.   Up to the age of Darwinism, that void was filled by religious faith.   But with the emergence of Charles Darwin's theories on natural selection and survival of the fittest, Victorians were reevaluating their paths to righteousness.   Without God as a foundation, what were life's rules?      Peter Bowler argues in Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence that the old road to salvation had been damaged by one of Darwin's greatest triumphs - being the catalyst for the transformation of Victorian thought (150).   Darwin made man question his belief system and, as Richard Altick presents in Victorian People and Ideas, revisions of man's destiny and place within the universe had to take form (232).   "Since no divine agency could be relied upon to ameliorate his condition, man must turn himself to make whatever he can of his life" (235), thus helping himself.   This idea of self-help brought Victorians in search of mens sana in corpore sano, or total health or wholeness, in which "they adopted the well-knit body as their model for spiritual health, the harmony of the self with external principles of growth and order" (Anderson).   Through this model, they attempted to identify their purest and most desirable form through the use of drugs and a yearning for eternal yo uth.   They admired Grecian characteristics as well, which was the exact opposite image Darwin placed within the Victorian mind - that man was a descendent of a hairy quadruped.   All of these goals were sought after ... ...York:   Cambridge University Press, 1990.   Carroll, Lewis.   Alice's Adventures In Wonderland.   1866.   New York:   HarperCollins Publishers, 1992.   Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan.   The Sign of Four.   New York: The Berkley Publishing Group, 1994. Gardner, Martin.   The Annotated Alice.   New York:   W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. Haggard, H. Rider.   She.   1887.   New York:   Oxford University Press, 1998.   "Man or Beast?   The Lasting Effects of Darwin."   Florida Gulf Coast University.   Unpublished essay, 2001.   Mitchell, Sally.   Daily Life in Victorian England.   Westport, Connecticut:   Greenwood Press, 1996.   Stevenson, Robert Louis.   The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.   1886.   Mineola, New York:   Dover Publications, Inc., 1991.   Wilde, Oscar.   The Picture of Dorian Gray.   1891.   Mineola, New York:   Dover Publications, Inc., 1993.      Quest for Identity in the Victorian Era Essay -- Literature Essays Lit Quest for Identity in the Victorian Era      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "'Who are you?' said the caterpillar" to Alice (Carroll 60).   This was a question she could not answer.   Why doesn't Alice know what constitutes her being?   Humans desire completeness, and a solid identity.   Up to the age of Darwinism, that void was filled by religious faith.   But with the emergence of Charles Darwin's theories on natural selection and survival of the fittest, Victorians were reevaluating their paths to righteousness.   Without God as a foundation, what were life's rules?      Peter Bowler argues in Charles Darwin: The Man and His Influence that the old road to salvation had been damaged by one of Darwin's greatest triumphs - being the catalyst for the transformation of Victorian thought (150).   Darwin made man question his belief system and, as Richard Altick presents in Victorian People and Ideas, revisions of man's destiny and place within the universe had to take form (232).   "Since no divine agency could be relied upon to ameliorate his condition, man must turn himself to make whatever he can of his life" (235), thus helping himself.   This idea of self-help brought Victorians in search of mens sana in corpore sano, or total health or wholeness, in which "they adopted the well-knit body as their model for spiritual health, the harmony of the self with external principles of growth and order" (Anderson).   Through this model, they attempted to identify their purest and most desirable form through the use of drugs and a yearning for eternal yo uth.   They admired Grecian characteristics as well, which was the exact opposite image Darwin placed within the Victorian mind - that man was a descendent of a hairy quadruped.   All of these goals were sought after ... ...York:   Cambridge University Press, 1990.   Carroll, Lewis.   Alice's Adventures In Wonderland.   1866.   New York:   HarperCollins Publishers, 1992.   Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan.   The Sign of Four.   New York: The Berkley Publishing Group, 1994. Gardner, Martin.   The Annotated Alice.   New York:   W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. Haggard, H. Rider.   She.   1887.   New York:   Oxford University Press, 1998.   "Man or Beast?   The Lasting Effects of Darwin."   Florida Gulf Coast University.   Unpublished essay, 2001.   Mitchell, Sally.   Daily Life in Victorian England.   Westport, Connecticut:   Greenwood Press, 1996.   Stevenson, Robert Louis.   The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.   1886.   Mineola, New York:   Dover Publications, Inc., 1991.   Wilde, Oscar.   The Picture of Dorian Gray.   1891.   Mineola, New York:   Dover Publications, Inc., 1993.     

Communication In the Workplace Essay -- Effective Communication

In an interview with George Lakoff, a linguistics professor at the University of California, Berkeley, Ian A. Boal examines the social, political and economic implications of language and its relationship to the conduit metaphor. The interview, published in Boal's essay, Body, Brain and Communication, takes a closer look at the conduit metaphor in connection with computers and communication on the Internet and World Wide Web. More importantly, Boal-who is also a Berkeley professor-solicits Lakoff's views of computer technology and artificial intelligence; their effects on human values and the basic way people communicate and understand information in today's world. Essentially, the conduit metaphor enables thoughts and ideas to be communicated through connecting cables and wireless transmissions using language as objects and metaphors. An effective conduit metaphor causes the listener to receive and understand the meaning behind a message without having to engage in too much thought. Comprehension of an idea is achieved intuitively, instinctively or with feeling. The conduit metaphor is a basic parable belonging to a larger family of metaphors, many of which can be found on Lakoff's Conceptual Metaphors home page at Berkeley's Cognitive Science web site, http://cogsci.berkeley.edu/. The conduit metaphor, as described by its creator Michael Reddy, suggests that the mind can interpret ideas as objects that can be put into words, and thoughts are the organization or manipulation of those objects. Reddy says the objects that make up words or language reside in a storage container, or memory, where thoughts and ideas can be retrieved or recalled when needed. When ideas are converted into words, they can be communicated to someo... ...perform many of their job functions. Just imagine, however, if computers had the ability to not only assume a particular function, but also could think and reason in the same manner as you and I. Are human beings really ready for this type of innovation? The answer to this question may come sooner that we think. Works Cited Boal, Ian A. Body, Brain and Communication: An Interview with George Lakoff. Composing Cyberspace. Ed. Richard Holeton. Boston. McGraw Hill Publishing. 1998. (21-31). Ehrenreich, Barbara. Put Your Pants On, Demonboy. Composing Cyberspace. Ed. Richard Holeton. Boston. McGraw Hill Publishing. 1998. (80). Lakoff, George. Conceptual Metaphors. 22 Mar.1994. 23 Mar. 2000. http://cogsci.berkeley.edu/ Shirley, John. Wolves of the Plateau. Composing Cyberspace. Ed. Richard Holeton. Boston. McGraw Hill Publishing. 1998. (135-141).

Books and the Internet Essay

The book industry has always been an integral part of society. However, recent surges in technology, especially the internet, have put this industry under pressure and have transformed it into a broader, more competitive entity. In the past, the book store was the only pace to buy and sell books but these buildings could be soon be obsolete with the introduction of online shopping for books and the more impressive and rapidly growing industry of e-books, as seen by the accompanying chart1. Figures from 2012 show that giant online bookstore Amazon, is now selling 1.4 e-books for every print book sold and this trend is showing no signs of slowing down2. These steps in technology give both readers and authors great opportunities. The introduction of online shopping and e-books have given consumers food for thought in regards to what way they go about buying a book. The somewhat â€Å"old-fashioned† way in some regards of visiting the nearby bookstore is nearly a thing of the past with the introduction of online shopping. The now giant online superstore Amazon.com was the first online bookstore back in 1994, created by Jeffrey Bezos3. It gave book readers the benefit of being able to buy books from home as well offering lower prices. Publishers don’t need to fill shelves with books, once a book is ordered it is produced and shipped to the customer4. The unneeded stock pile of books results in lower costs for the publisher and thus lower costs for the online buyer. These two options result in the customer buying a paper book. The third option differs from this and really brings technology to the fore. E-books are rapidly growing and are taking the book industry over by storm. E-books can be bought over the internet and downloaded to various devices (e-readers) such as Amazon’s Kindle and Apple’s iPad. They offer many advantages over paper books to readers5. Compared to some paper books which are big, heavy, cumbersome objects to be carrying around, hundreds of e-books can be stored on an e-reader. In terms of costs, e-books offer the cheaper option than paper books as no trees or ink have to be used in the sale of e-books. E-books also offer the benefit of privacy in regards to others knowing what book you are reading as well as offering certain tools such as a dictionary, built in lights, access to the internet etc. Special add-ons can also be included as part of an e-book such as additional pictures or content6. The introduction of e-books could possibly have a greater effect for authors than readers. Their introduction has expanded the book world, allowing the smaller authors to be seen as well as letting smaller business compete4. A similar technological progression in the music and movie industry resulted in some parts of the industry being destroyed as CDs replaced VCRs and cassettes, thus rendering the latter obsolete4. As previously mentioned, e-books require lower cost to be produced and do not require shelf space to be seen. This means that even small time authors can get their books produce without too much difficulty as publishing such e-books bears little costs to the publisher7. The lower cost also results in higher margins for the publisher as well as the author. On the other side of the coin, since e-books are downloaded digitally, once a customer buys one, they can easily send it onto another customer8. This piracy results in losses for both the publisher and author. The chart shows the increase in piracy and file-sharing since mid-2008 with the use of such file-sharing websites as Rapidshare. com, 4shared. com and Megaupload. net9. In conclusion, the progression of technology and the internet has changed the book industry drastically. Gone are the days where one had to make the journey to the bookshop in order to read the newly released classic. Online shopping has cut out that journey with the click of the button while e-books have cut out the physical book altogether. In my opinion, the future book industry will be taken over by e-books with paper books being left to be a thing of the past. References 1 Terra, Evo. (2012) ‘2008 – 2011 Book Sales Chart’, 2nd March 2012. Available at: https://plus. google.com/109993735355691141353/posts/fr3e3N171nr (Accessed 2nd December 2012) 2 BBC News (2012) ‘Amazon selling more Kindle eBooks than print books’, 6th August 2012. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/technology-19148146 (Accessed 2nd December 2012) 3 Byers, A. (2007) ‘Jeff Bezos: The Founder of Amazon. com. ’. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. 4 Kagan, J. (2012) ‘How the E-Book Is Reinventing the Book Business, E-Commerce Times’, 2nd September. Available from: http://www. ecommercetimes. com/story/74383. html (Accessed 2nd December 2012) 5 Hess, S.(2012) ‘E-Books or Real Books: What Book Lovers Think – The benefits and drawbacks of e-books’, 31st January. Available at: http://www. webpronews. com/e-books-or-real-books-what-book-lovers-think-2012-01 (Accessed 2nd December 2012) 6 Willans, J. (2012) ‘The 5 most exciting ways tech has revolutionized the book industry’, 30th April. Available at: http://conversations. nokia. com/2012/04/30/the-5-most-exciting-ways-tech-has-revolutionized-the-book-industry/ (Accessed 2nd December 2012) 7 Bosman, J (2008) ‘Small Book Publishers Offered New Technology’ , 3rd September. Available at: http://www. nytimes. com/2008/09/04/books/04perseus. html? _r=0 (Accessed 2nd December 2012) 8 Messieh, N (2011) ‘Does e-book piracy really matter? ’ , 24th June. Available at: http://thenextweb. com/media/2011/06/24/does-e-book-piracy-really-matter/ (Accessed 2nd December 2012) 9 unknown (2010) ‘The Rise in eBook Piracy’, October. Available at: http://www. attributor. com/data/php/research/234-the-rise-in-ebook-piracy. php (Accessed 2nd December 2012)